Journal of Interventional Cardiology

Review Article

Outcomes of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy with Image-Guided Left Ventricular Lead Placement at the Site of Latest Mechanical Activation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Table 2

Summary of patient characteristics.
 Khan et al. [10]Saba et al. [11]Sommer et al. [19]Stephansen et al. [18]Borgquist et al. [17]
Age     
 Image-guidedMedian (IQR)
72 (65, 76)		66 (11)71 (9)70 (10)67 (8)
 Non-image-guided72 (64, 80)67 (13)71 (9)72 (8)70 (8)
 All patientsNRNRNRNR68 (8)
Sex, male     
 Image-guided77%60%78%73%74%
 Non-image-guided80%78%80%77%73%
 All patients79%73%79%75%74%
Ischemic cardiomyopathy     
 Image-guided56%58%52%47%42%
 Non-image-guided56%67%47%53%51%
 All patients56%62%49%49%46%
Sinus rhythm     
 Image-guided100%75%NRNR89%
 Non-image-guided100%73%NRNR92%
 All patients100%74%NRNR90%
QRS duration (ms)     
 Image-guidedMedian (IQR)
157 (148, 170)		157 (27)167 (22)169 (23)171 (16)
 Non-image-guided159 (146, 170)162 (27)165 (22)170 (17)169 (22)
 All patientsNRNRNRNR170 (19)
LBBB     
 Image-guidedNRNR84%84%74%
 Non-image-guidedNRNR88%93%74%
 All patientsNRNR86%89%74%
NYHA class     
 Image-guided     
  II016%49%66%26%
  III86%64%49%31%68%
  IV14%20%1%3%6%
 Non-image-guided     
  II08%43%58%25%
  III85%71%52%40%57%
  IV15%21%5%2%18%
 All patients     
  II013%46%62%26%
  III85%67%51%35%63%
  IV15%20%3%2%12%
LVEF (%)     
 Image-guidedMedian (IQR)
23 (19, 28)		26 (6)25 (6)31 (8)23 (10)
 Non-image-guided24 (18, 29)26 (7)24 (6)29 (8)23 (12)
 All patientsNRNRNRNR23 (11)
LV lead placement     
 Image-guided   NR 
  Anterior3% 5%22%
  Anterolateral0   
  Lateral46% 47%45%
  Posterolateral0 04%
  Posterior35% 44%25%
  Inferior12%NR5%4%
 Non-image-guided   NR 
  Anterior6% 2%22%
 Anterolateral0   
  Lateral47% 42%43%
  Posterolateral0 04%
  Posterior38% 56%28%
  Inferior6%NR04%
 All patients   NR 
  Anterior5%0%3%22%
  Anterolateral016%00
  Lateral46%42%44%44%
  Posterolateral034%04%
  Posterior37%8%50%26%
  Inferior9%0%2%4%
Values are mean (standard deviation), unless otherwise specific. 100% when including patients with chronic right ventricular pacing and QRS ≥180 ms per entry criteria at baseline. A = anterior; AL = anterolateral; I = inferior; IQR = interquartile range; LBBB = left bundle branch block; LV = left ventricle; LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction; NYHA = New York Heart Association; NR = not reported.