Research Article
Antithrombotic Therapy Duration after Patent Foramen Ovale Closure for Stroke Prevention: Impact on Long-Term Outcome
Table 1
Baseline characteristics of patients.
| Characteristic | Before PS matching | After PS matching | All | Gr short | Gr long | | Gr short | Gr long | | N = 259 | N = 88 | N = 171 | value | N = 86 | N = 86 | value |
| Age (yrs) | mean ± SD | 43 ± 10 | 40 ± 10 | 44 ± 10 | 0.0001 | 40 ± 10 | 41 ± 10 | 0.51 | Gender | Male | 131 (51) | 49 (56) | 82 (48) | 0.24 | 48 (56) | 37 (43) | 0.09 | Smoking | n (%) | 105 (40) | 33 (38) | 72 (42) | 0.48 | 32 (37) | 38 (44) | 0.35 | Hypertension | n (%) | 48 (19) | 10 (11) | 38 (22) | 0.03 | 10 (12) | 10 (13) | 1.0 | Diabetes | n (%) | 6 (2) | 1 (1) | 5 (3) | 0.37 | 1 (1) | 3 (3) | 0.31 | LDL-cholesterol (mg/dl) | mean ± SD | 123 ± 37 | 121 ± 36 | 124 ± 38 | 0.57 | 120 ± 36 | 122 ± 40 | 0.81 | Carotid artery disease | n (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | 0 | 0 | — | Prior atrial fibrillation | n (%) | 1 (0.4) | 0 | 1 (1) | 0.47 | 0 | 0 | — | Left ventricular ejection fraction <50% | n (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | 0 | 0 | — | Pulmonary hypertension | n (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | 0 | 0 | — | Migraine | n (%) | 103 (40) | 35 (40) | 68 (40) | 1.00 | 35 (41) | 37 (43) | 0.76 | Previous transient ischemic attack | n (%) | 29 (11) | 9 (10) | 20 (12) | 0.72 | 8 (9) | 8 (9) | 1.0 | Prior multiple strokes | n (%) | 23 (9) | 3 (3) | 20 (12) | 0.03 | 3 (3) | 0 | 0.08 | Thrombophilia | n (%) | 19 (7) | 8 (9) | 11 (6) | 0.47 | 9 (10) | 4 (5) | 0.15 | Protein C deficiency | n (%) | 2 (1) | 2 (2) | 0 | 0.05 | 2 (2) | 0 | 0.16 | Protein S deficiency | n (%) | 7 (3) | 3 (3) | 4 (2) | 0.62 | 3 (3) | 1 (1) | 0.31 | Factor V Leiden | n (%) | 4 (2) | 1 (1) | 3 (2) | 0.7 | 1 (1) | 1 (1) | 1.0 | Lupic Antibodies | n (%) | 1 (0.4) | 1 (1) | 0 | 0.16 | 1 (1) | 0 | 0.32 | Antiphospholipid Antibodies | n (%) | 2 (1) | 1 (1) | 1 | 0.63 | 1 (1) | 0 | 0.32 | Prothrombin mutation | n (%) | 5 (2) | 1 (1) | 4 (2) | 0.51 | 1 (1) | 1 (1) | 1.0 | Antithrombin III | n (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | 0 | 0 | — | History of deep vein thrombosis | n (%) | 16 (6) | 5 (6) | 11 (6) | 0.81 | 5 (6) | 6 (7) | 0.76 | Hormone therapy | n (%) | 79 (31) | 24 (27) | 55 (32) | 0.42 | 23 (27) | 32 (37) | 0.14 |
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Gr = Group; LDL = low-density lipoprotein; PS = propensity score; SD = standard deviation; yrs = years.
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