Antithrombotic Therapy Duration after Patent Foramen Ovale Closure for Stroke Prevention: Impact on Long-Term Outcome

Table 1

Baseline characteristics of patients.

Characteristic		Before PS matching				After PS matching
		All	Gr short	Gr long		Gr short	Gr long
		N = 259	N = 88	N = 171	value	N = 86	N = 86	value
Age (yrs)	mean ± SD	43 ± 10	40 ± 10	44 ± 10	0.0001	40 ± 10	41 ± 10	0.51
Gender	Male	131 (51)	49 (56)	82 (48)	0.24	48 (56)	37 (43)	0.09
Smoking	n (%)	105 (40)	33 (38)	72 (42)	0.48	32 (37)	38 (44)	0.35
Hypertension	n (%)	48 (19)	10 (11)	38 (22)	0.03	10 (12)	10 (13)	1.0
Diabetes	n (%)	6 (2)	1 (1)	5 (3)	0.37	1 (1)	3 (3)	0.31
LDL-cholesterol (mg/dl)	mean ± SD	123 ± 37	121 ± 36	124 ± 38	0.57	120 ± 36	122 ± 40	0.81
Carotid artery disease	n (%)	0	0	0	—	0	0	—
Prior atrial fibrillation	n (%)	1 (0.4)	0	1 (1)	0.47	0	0	—
Left ventricular ejection fraction <50%	n (%)	0	0	0	—	0	0	—
Pulmonary hypertension	n (%)	0	0	0	—	0	0	—
Migraine	n (%)	103 (40)	35 (40)	68 (40)	1.00	35 (41)	37 (43)	0.76
Previous transient ischemic attack	n (%)	29 (11)	9 (10)	20 (12)	0.72	8 (9)	8 (9)	1.0
Prior multiple strokes	n (%)	23 (9)	3 (3)	20 (12)	0.03	3 (3)	0	0.08
Thrombophilia	n (%)	19 (7)	8 (9)	11 (6)	0.47	9 (10)	4 (5)	0.15
Protein C deficiency	n (%)	2 (1)	2 (2)	0	0.05	2 (2)	0	0.16
Protein S deficiency	n (%)	7 (3)	3 (3)	4 (2)	0.62	3 (3)	1 (1)	0.31
Factor V Leiden	n (%)	4 (2)	1 (1)	3 (2)	0.7	1 (1)	1 (1)	1.0
Lupic Antibodies	n (%)	1 (0.4)	1 (1)	0	0.16	1 (1)	0	0.32
Antiphospholipid Antibodies	n (%)	2 (1)	1 (1)	1	0.63	1 (1)	0	0.32
Prothrombin mutation	n (%)	5 (2)	1 (1)	4 (2)	0.51	1 (1)	1 (1)	1.0
Antithrombin III	n (%)	0	0	0	—	0	0	—
History of deep vein thrombosis	n (%)	16 (6)	5 (6)	11 (6)	0.81	5 (6)	6 (7)	0.76
Hormone therapy	n (%)	79 (31)	24 (27)	55 (32)	0.42	23 (27)	32 (37)	0.14

Gr = Group; LDL = low-density lipoprotein; PS = propensity score; SD = standard deviation; yrs = years.