Predilation Ballooning in High Thrombus Laden STEMIs: An Independent Predictor of Slow Flow/No-Reflow in Patients Undergoing Emergent Percutaneous Coronary Revascularization
Table 1
Demographic, clinical, and angiographic characteristics and postprocedure in-hospital complications and outcomes stratified by predilation ballooning status.
Preballooning
value
Not done
Done
Total (N)
419 (54.8%)
346 (45.2%)
—
Gender
Female
20.3% (85)
22.8% (79)
0.393
Male
79.7% (334)
77.2% (267)
Age (years)
54.77 ± 11.65
56.95 ± 11.3
0.009
Total ischemic time (minutes)
342 [240–460]
375 [250–570]
0.021
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
129.9 ± 25.3
131.3 ± 27.1
0.449
Heart rate (bpm)
83.2 ± 21.5
86.8 ± 21.8
0.021
Random glucose level (mg/dL)
155 [128–211]
160 [132–212]
0.301
Killip class
I
76.4% (320)
67.1% (232)
0.021
II
11.7% (49)
14.7% (51)
III
6.4% (27)
11.6% (40)
IV
5.5% (23)
6.6% (23)
Cardiac arrest
6% (25)
7.8% (27)
0.315
Comorbid conditions
Diabetes mellitus
36% (151)
43.1% (149)
0.048
Hypertension
56.1% (235)
63% (218)
0.053
Smoking
32.2% (135)
27.5% (95)
0.153
Prior PCI
7.9% (33)
9.5% (33)
0.415
History of CVA/TIA
2.1% (9)
1.4% (5)
0.470
IABP used
5.5% (23)
7.5% (26)
0.255
LV ejection fraction (%)
39.6 ± 8.9
38.9 ± 9.5
0.276
LV end-diastolic pressure (mmHg)
19 ± 6.7
20 ± 7.6
0.046
Number of vessels involved
Single vessel disease
40.8% (171)
30.9% (107)
0.008
Two vessel disease
32.7% (137)
34.1% (118)
Three vessel disease
26.5% (111)
35% (121)
Culprit coronary artery
Left main
1% (4)
2.6% (9)
0.119
LAD; proximal
34.6% (145)
32.7% (113)
LAD; nonproximal
17.4% (73)
21.1% (73)
Left circumflex artery
9.8% (41)
12.1% (42)
Right coronary artery
37.2% (156)
31.5% (109)
Pre-procedure TIMI flow
0
82.6% (346)
85.5% (296)
0.265
I
17.4% (73)
14.5% (50)
II
0% (0)
0% (0)
III
0% (0)
0% (0)
Mean stent diameter
3.5 ± 0.3
3.4 ± 0.4
<0.001
Total stent length
26.3 ± 11.3
29.8 ± 12.2
<0.001
Intraprocedure slow flow/no-reflow
27.4% (115)
41.3% (143)
<0.001
Final TIMI III flow
85.4% (358)
84.4% (292)
0.686
In-hospital complications
Stroke
0.7% (3)
0% (0)
0.115
Arrhythmia
5% (21)
6.9% (24)
0.260
Cardiogenic shock
4.3% (18)
4% (14)
0.864
Stent thrombosis
3.3% (14)
2% (7)
0.267
Contrast induced nephropathy
8.8% (37)
12.4% (43)
0.106
In-hospital mortality
4.1% (17)
8.1% (28)
0.018
PCI = percutaneous coronary intervention, CVA = cerebrovascular accident, TIA = transient ischemic attack, IABP = intraaortic balloon pump, LV = left ventricular, LAD = left anterior descending artery, and TIMI = thrombolysis in myocardial infarction.
