PtdIns 3-Kinase Orchestrates Autophagosome Formation in Yeast
Figure 1
Membrane dynamics of autophagy and 5 groups of Atg proteins that are essential for autophagosome formation. (a) A schematic diagram of the membrane dynamics during autophagy. Upon autophagy induction, the isolation membrane elongates to enclose a portion of the cytoplasm, and the ends of the isolation membrane fuse to generate a closed double-membrane structure, the autophagosome. The outer membrane of the autophagosome fuses with the vacuole/lysosome to release the inner membrane structure, the autophagic body, into the lumen where the autophagic body and the enclosed cargo are degraded for recycling. (b) Five groups of Atg proteins are essential for autophagosome formation. Currently, 18 Atg proteins are thought to be essential for autophagosome formation. Based on their functions, they are classified into 5 groups. Reproduced with modification from [8].
