Use of the Signature Fatty Acid 16:1ω5 as a Tool to Determine the Distribution of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Soil

Table 1

Application of the marker fatty acid 16:1ω5 to assess the distribution of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi in artificial and natural soil systems. NLFA: neutral lipid fatty acid, PLFA: phospholipid fatty acid.

Authors	Lipid fraction and application (marker for)	Soil system
Olsson et al. [21]	NLFA-storage lipids	Plant mesocosms with 𝛾 radiated or autoclaved soil
Olsson et al. [22]	PLFA hyphae; conversion factor 38 for nmol PLFA to fungal hyphal length is given
	NLFA-energy storage (vesicles)
Larsen and Bødker [24]; Van Aarleand Olsson [25]	PLFA-membrane constituents (hyphae, arbuscles)	Mycelia structures in plant roots
	NLFA/PLFA-storage status of fungi
Olsson and Wilhelmsson [26]
Hedlund [27]
Balser et al. [28]
Hebel et al. [29]	PLFA-hyphal biomass	Grassland, mixed-wood forest stands, arable land, sand dunes; burned forest soil
Huang et al. [30]
Royer-Tardif et al. [31]
Marshall et al. [32]
Olsson and Wilhelmsson [26]; Hedlund [27]	NLFA-storage lipids	Arable land, sand dunes
van Groenigen et al. [33]; Yao and Wu [34]	NLFA-fungal biomass	Arable land, grassland
Bradley et al. [35]	Total lipids (NLFA + PLFA) fungal biomass	Grassland
Aliasgharzad et al. [36]	NLFA/PLFA separation between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (high ratio) and bacteria (low ratio)	Seminatural sandy grassland
Olsson et al. [37]; Schnoor et al. [38]	NFLA-^13C allocation in fungal storage lipids	Pot soil with plants in greenhouse