Bile Acid Signaling in Liver Metabolism and Diseases

Table 1

FXR target genes and their function and lipid and glucose metabolism.

	Gene	Tissue	Regulation	Function
Bile acid metabolism	CYP7A1	liver	down	Encodes the rate-limiting enzyme in classic bile acid synthetic pathway
	BSEP	liver	up	Rate-limiting step in canalicular bile acid transport into the gallbladder
	NTCP	liver	down	Basolateral bile acid uptake into the hepatocytes
	OSTα/β	intestine	up	Enterocyte basolateral bile acid secretion into the portal blood
	I-BABP	intestine	up	Intracellular bile acid transport
	FGF15/19	intestine	up	Bile acid synthesis inhibition
	SHP	liver	up	Bile acid synthesis inhibition
Glucose metabolism	PEPCK	liver	up	Gluconeogenesis
	FGF15/19	intestine	up	Stimulates glycogen synthesis, repress gluconeogenesis
	Insulin	pancreas	up	Glucose metabolism
Cholesterol metabolism	ApoA1	liver	down	HDL metabolism
	LDLR	liver	down	LDL uptake
	ABCG5/G8	liver	up	Biliary-free cholesterol secretion
	SRB1	liver	up	Hepatic HDL uptake, biliary cholesterol secretion
	PCSK9	liver	down	Induces LDL receptor degradation
Fatty acid metabolism	ApoC II	liver	up	LPL activator
	ApoC III	liver	down	LPL inhibitor
	SREBP1	liver	down	Lipogenesis