Dyslipidemia and Associated Risk Factors in the Elderly Population in Asmara, Eritrea: Results from a Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Table 4
Single and mixed dyslipidemia and some associated factors in the elderly in Asmara, Eritrea.
Covariate
TC
LDL-C
Non-HDL-C
TG
HDL
TC/HDL
TG/HDL
Dyslipidemia
≥200 mg/dL
≥130 mg/dL
≥130
≥150 mg/dL
Low
≥3.5
≥4
Sex
Female
85 (58.6)
77 (53.1)
118 (81.4)
47 (32.4)
60 (41.4)
30 (20.7)
35 (24.1)
122 (84.1)
Male
67 (38.5)
62 (35.6)
105 (60.3)
41 (23.6)
29 (16.7)
28 (16.1)
41 (23.6)
103 (59.2)
Age (years)
>60–65years
57 (57.6)
44 (44.4)
72 (72.7)
32 (32.3)
34 (34.3)
20 (20.2)
27 (27.3)
80 (80.8)
>65–70 years
39 (41.9)
39 (41.9)
61 (65.6)
22 (23.7)
23 (24.7)
15 (16.1)
19 (20.4)
59 (63.4)
>70–75 years
25 (39.7)
27 (42.9)
47 (74.6)
22 (34.9)
16 (25.4)
11 (17.5)
16 (25.4)
43 (68.3)
>75 years
31 (48.4)
29 (45.3)
43 (67.2)
12 (18.8)
16 (25.0)
12 (18.8)
14 (21.9)
43 (67.2)
Educational level
No education
60 (56.6)
54 (50.9)
82 (77.4)
31 (29.2)
40 (37.7)
22 (20.8)
26 (24.5)
86 (81.1)
Elementary
39 (39.4)
39 (39.4)
65 (65.7)
23 (23.2)
26 (26.3)
14 (14.1)
21 (21.2)
63 (63.6)
Junior
28 (47.5)
22 (37.3)
36 (61.0)
17 (28.8)
13 (22.0)
12 (20.3)
15 (25.4)
39 (66.1)
Senior
23 (52.3)
21 (47.7)
33 (75.0)
15 (34.1)
5 (11.4)
7 (15.9)
12 (27.3)
30 (68.2)
Tertiary
2 (18.2)
3 (27.3)
7 (63.6)
2 (18.2)
5 (45.5)
3 (27.3)
2 (18.2)
7 (63.6)
Daily physical activity
<1 hour
99 (50.8)
88 (45.1)
141 (72.3)
58 (29.7)
65 (33.3)
40 (20.5)
46 (23.6)
147 (75.4)
1-2 hours
30 (50.0)
33 (55.0)
43 (71.7)
15 (25.0)
16 (26.7)
9 (15.0)
14 (23.3)
45 (75.0)
2- 3 hours
12 (44.4)
10 (37.0)
21 (77.8)
4 (14.8)
4 (14.8)
4 (14.8)
4 (14.8)
16 (59.3)
>3 hours
10 (27.8)
7 (19.4)
17 (47.2)
11 (30.6)
4 (11.1)
5 (13.9)
12 (33.3)
16 (44.4)
Employment status
Unemployed
70 (58.8)
64 (53.8)
98 (82.4)
38 (31.9)
47 (39.5)
23 (19.3)
27 (22.7)
99 (83.2)
Office work
16 (50.0)
16 (50.0)
24 (75.0)
13 (40.6)
6 (18.8)
4 (12.5)
11 (34.4)
24 (75.0)
Manual work
66 (39.3)
59 (35.1)
101 (60.1)
37 (22.0)
36 (21.4)
31 (18.5)
38 (22.6)
102 (60.7)
Traditional food (frequency)
1-3 per month
8 (61.5)
8 (61.5)
12 (92.3)
4 (30.8)
7 (53.8)
3 (23.1)
4 (30.8)
11 (84.6)
1-6 per week
46 (68.7)
39 (58.2)
56 (83.6)
23 (34.3)
19 (28.4)
14 (20.9)
18 (26.9)
54 (80.6)
Once a day
45 (52.9)
43 (50.6)
66 (77.6)
25 (29.4)
23 (27.1)
14 (16.5)
20 (23.50
65 (76.5)
2-4 times a day
53 (34.6)
49 (32.0)
89 (58.2)
35 (22.9)
39 (25.5)
27 (17.6)
33 (21.6)
94 (61.4)
Alcohol consumption
No
109 (55.1)
101 (51.0)
157 (79.3)
59 (29.8)
59 (29.8)
44 (22.2)
49 (24.7)
151 (76.3)
Yes
43 (35.5)
38 (31.4)
66 (54.5)
29 (24.0)
30 (24.8)
14 (11.6)
27 (22.3)
74 (61.2)
Diastolic blood pressure
<90 mmHg
42 (19.8)
83 (39.2)
139 (65.6)
89 (42.0)
61 (28.8)
31 (14.6)
36 (17.0)
142 (67.0)
>90 mmHg
46 (43.0)
56 (52.3)
84 (78.5)
63 (58.9)
28 (26.2)
27 (25.2)
40 (37.4)
83 (77.6)
Systolic blood pressure
<140 mmHg
99 (43.6)
92 (40.5)
152 (67.0)
60 (26.4)
72 (31.7)
40 (17.6)
54 (23.8)
158 (69.6)
>140 mmHg
53 (57.6)
47 (51.1)
71 (77.2)
28 (30.4)
17 (18.5)
18 (19.6)
22 (23.9)
225 (70.5)
Presence of hypertension
Yes
53 (58.2)
47 (51.6)
71 (78.0)
36 (39.6)
27 (29.7)
22 (24.2)
31 (34.1)
70 (76.9)
No
99 (43.4)
92 (40.4)
152 (66.7)
52 (22.8)
62 (27.2)
36 (15.8)
45 (19.7)
155 (68.0)
Fasting plasma glucose (FPG)
Normal
121 (45.1)
111 (41.4)
175 (66.4)
60 (22.4)
69 (25.7)
41 (15.3)
52 (19.4)
179 (66.8)
Prediabetes
20 (62.5)
16 (50.0)
28 (87.5)
16 (50.0)
12 (37.5)
11 (34.4)
14 (43.8)
29 (90.6)
Suspected DM
11 (57.9)
12 (63.2)
17 (89.5)
12 (63.2)
8 (42.1)
6 (31.6)
10 (52.6)
17 (89.5)
Body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2)
<18.5
23 (34.3)
20 (29.9)
33 (49.3)
5 (7.5)
13 (19.4)
2 (3.0)
2 (3.0)
36 (53.7)
18.5-24.9
95 (49.2)
85 (44.0)
140 (72.5)
54 (28.0)
47 (24.4)
37 (19.2)
48 (24.9)
136 (70.5)
25-29.9
26 (54.2)
25 (52.1)
40 (83.3)
23 (47.9)
20 (41.7)
11 (22.9)
18 (37.5)
42 (87.5)
>30
7 (70.0)
8 (80.0)
9 (90.0)
6 (60.0)
8 (80.0)
8 (80.0)
8 (80.0)
10 (100.0)
Waist circumference (WC)
Normal
72 (40.0)
67 (37.2)
109 (60.6)
31 (17.2)
33 (18.3)
21 (11.7)
29 (16.1)
109 (60.6)
Abnormal
80 (57.6)
72 (51.8)
114 (82.0)
57 (41.0)
56 (40.3)
37 (26.6)
47 (33.8)
116 (83.5)
All the presented cross-tabulations are significant at . Bold letters: . Linear-by-linear association. The proportion of the population with lipid disorders considered in the analysis. HDL: high-density lipoprotein; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; TG: triglycerides; TC: total cholesterol; non-HDL: non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
