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Domain | Elements | Benn et al. [19] | Bhat et al. [17] | Brantley et al. [33] | Crespo et al. [30] | Diakowska et al. [14] | Hu et al. [15] | Jamnagerwalla et al. [12] | Kumar et al. [21] | Laisupasin et al. [22] | Lofterød et al. [31] | Llanos et al. [18] | Ma et al. [29] | Mosapasour et al. [34] | Nowak et al. [20] | Raza et al. [24] | Rodrigues dos Santos et al. [25, 26] | Saito et al. [28] | Wan et al. [23] | Xie et al. [27] | Yang et al. [13] | Yuan et al. [32] |
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Study question | Clearly focused and appropriate question | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A |
Study population | Description of study population | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A |
Sample size justification | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | NR | NR | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A |
Comparability of subjects | Specific inclusion/exclusion criteria | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A |
Criteria applied equally to all groups | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A |
Comparability of groups at baseline with regard to disease status and prognostic factors | A | a | A | A | a | A | A | A | a | a | a | a | A | a | a | A | A | A | a | A | a |
Study groups comparable to nonparticipants with regard to confounding factors | a | A | a | a | A | a | a | a | A | a | a | a | I | a | I | a | a | NR | a | NR | a |
Use of concurrent controls | A | A | a | a | A | a | a | a | A | a | a | a | A | a | A | a | a | A | a | I | a |
Comparability of follow-up among groups | A | a | a | A | a | A | A | a | a | a | a | a | a | a | a | A | A | a | a | a | a |
Exposure or intervention | Clear definition of exposure | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A |
Measurement method standard, valid, and reliable | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A |
Exposure measured equally in all study groups | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A |
Outcome measurement | Primary/secondary outcomes clearly defined | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A |
Outcomes assessed blind to exposure or intervention status | a | a | a | a | a | a | A | a | a | a | a | a | a | a | a | a | a | a | a | a | A |
Method of outcome assessment standard, valid, and reliable | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A |
Length of follow-up adequate for question | A | a | A | A | a | A | A | a | a | a | a | a | a | a | a | A | A | a | a | a | a |
Statistical analysis | Statistical tests appropriate | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | I | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A |
Multiple comparisons taken into consideration | A | NR | A | A | I | A | A | A | NR | A | NR | NR | NR | A | NR | A | A | A | A | NR | A |
Modelling and multivariate techniques appropriate | A | NR | A | A | A | A | A | A | NR | A | NR | NR | NR | A | NR | A | A | A | A | NR | A |
Power calculation provided | A | NR | NR | NR | A | A | A | A | NR | A | A | NR | NR | A | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
Assessment of confounding variables | A | NR | A | A | A | A | A | A | NR | A | a | NR | NR | A | NR | A | A | NR | NR | NR | A |
Dose–response assessment, if appropriate | a | a | a | a | a | a | a | a | a | a | a | a | a | a | a | a | a | a | a | a | a |
Results | Measure of effect for outcomes and appropriate measure of precision | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A |
Adequacy of follow-up for each study group | A | a | A | A | a | A | A | a | a | a | a | a | a | a | a | A | A | a | a | a | a |
Discussion | Conclusions supported by results with biases and limitations taken into consideration | A | a | A | NR | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | NR | I | A | I | A | A | A | A | I | I |
Funding or sponsorship | Type and sources of support for study | A | NR | A | A | NR | A | A | NR | A | A | A | A | A | A | NR | A | A | NR | A | A | A |
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