Marine Protected Areas, Multiple-Agency Management, and Monumental Surprise in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands

Table 2

Summary of interviews by hierarchical position rank for 23 natural resource managers involved in the management and planning of the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument. The average tenure (years involved in management and planning in the NWHI) of interviewees was 6.98 years (median = 5 years).

Hierarchal level	Interviews
Regional or higher	2
Lead agency representative^∗	6
Manager	10
Staff & field	5
Total:	23

∗Representative that acts as a lead for their agency or subagency in the MMB forum (e.g., superintendent).