Genetic Analyses and Simulations of Larval Dispersal Reveal Distinct Populations and Directional Connectivity across the Range of the Hawaiian Grouper (Epinephelus quernus)

Figure 2

Daily diffusive spatial steps aggregated across latitude and longitude observed from 260 NOAA drifter buoys in 2006 (symbols) and predicted from diffusivity values of 100 m² s⁻¹  (thin line), 500 m² s⁻¹  (thick black line), and 1000 m² s⁻¹  (thick gray line). Lower values of diffusivity cause particles to disperse less about the mean flow field trajectory, whereas high values of diffusivity cause particles to disperse widely about the mean flow field trajectory.