Research Article

Gateways to Hawai‘i: Genetic Population Structure of the Tropical Sea Cucumber Holothuria atra

Table 2

Pairwise comparisons by site. values are contained in the lower left half of the table, and values are in the upper right half of the table. Bolded values signify significant differences after correction using the procedure outlined in Benjamini 2008.

Region SiteMain Hawaiian Islands Northwest Hawaiian IslandsJohnstonLine IslandsMarshall Islands Bonin Iss. Ryukyu Iss.
Hilo Kona Oahu Kauai Niihau Fr. Frigate Gardner Laysan Pearl &Hermes Midway Kure Kingman Palmyra Jarvis Majuro Kwajalein Ogasawara Okinawa

Main Hawaiian IslandsHilo0.101−0.039−0.0290.2340.2090.463−0.0590.2530.2430.1850.2040.0840.3030.3990.4160.1590.3350.864
Kona0.2250.1270.203−0.047−0.006−0.0440.0490.0260.0160.0090.0460.0560.3270.4010.3610.2030.3450.786
Oahu−0.1670.5150.0490.2610.2210.3990.0180.2580.2630.1930.2310.1170.3510.4310.4680.1810.3680.826
Kauai−0.1090.4990.1720.3770.3050.5680.0010.3410.3350.2780.3090.1830.4560.5240.5730.3330.4730.873
Niihau0.245−0.3880.5160.698−0.011−0.2240.0910.006−0.045−0.0050.0070.0240.2660.3590.2690.1780.3010.847

Northwest Hawaiian Islands Fr. Frigate0.392−0.1050.5180.629−0.239−0.0390.145−0.014−0.0120.0010.0150.0840.3580.4210.3670.2560.3710.767
Gardner0.8140.412110.2730.5530.23924−0.021−0.0910.033−0.0450.0110.2580.3750.2150.1990.3150.889
Laysan−0.2940.1380.122−0.130.1910.2860.8490.1940.1730.1240.1560.0680.3060.3960.3980.1670.3340.832
Pearl & Hermes0.6890.0080.7440.888−0.11−0.0330.420.674−0.012−0.013−0.0050.0890.3650.4190.3580.2690.3720.739
Midway0.661−0.080.8460.88−0.356−0.0260.360.555−0.0180.0040.01770.0910.3650.4210.3490.2710.3730.747
Kure0.4610.1110.410.666−0.201−0.030.6970.4830.03490.16−0.0130.0420.3040.3690.3290.1970.3160.739

Johnston0.7990.1440.7820.9010.0909−0.0120.6110.694−0.0410.093−0.0220.0710.2970.3580.2940.2050.3080.682

Line Islands Kingman0.2790.4320.4670.3540.7810.4630.9330.1420.6430.6950.6120.6660.1450.1830.1530.0190.1520.571
Palmyra1111111111110.6640.0650.1090.0310.0090.451
Jarvis0.6260.880.5910.730.7280.8610.7760.9410.9660.7320.9560.5210.4470.0410.0460.0640.289

Marshall Islands Majuro1111111111110.5390.3910.2410.0990.1070.386
Kwajalein0.2220.7520.1550.4990.4920.7210.5320.8830.9380.5120.9220.510.576−0.0340.4190.0440.619

Bonin Islands Ogasawara11111111111110.74310.90210.428

Ryukyu Islands Okinawa1111111111110.5850.4330.1720.2220.4021

Familywise false discovery rate corrected -values:    ;    .