Widespread Dispersal of the Crown-of-Thorns Sea Star, Acanthaster planci, across the Hawaiian Archipelago and Johnston Atoll

Table 3

Population pairwise Φ_ST values (below diagonal) and statistical significance (above diagonal) for Acanthaster planci populations along the Hawaiian Archipelago. Bold text indicates significant values: *𝑃≤.05, **𝑃≤.01, and ***𝑃≤.001.

	FFSs	HE	HS	HW	JOH	KAU	LAN	MAI	MOL	NII	OAH	1982	PHR
FFSs		0.297	0.771	0.002 ∗∗	0.104	0.391	0.492	0.429	0.651	0.041 ∗	0.258	0.231	0.147
HE	0.009		0.423	0.002 ∗∗	0.002 ∗∗	0.546	0.685	0.108	0.227	0.161	0.173	0.894	0.407
HS	−0.022	−0.002		0.001 ∗∗∗	0.016 ∗	0.746	0.860	0.733	0.915	0.101	0.522	0.365	0.208
HW	0.107 ∗∗	0.070 ∗∗	0.064 ∗∗∗		0.000 ∗∗∗	0.001 ∗∗∗	0.002 ∗∗	0.000 ∗∗∗	0.001 ∗∗∗	0.064	0.040 ∗	0.001 ∗∗∗	0.000 ∗∗∗
JOH	0.030	0.093 ∗∗	0.046 ∗	0.149 ∗∗∗		0.005 ∗∗	0.004 ∗∗	0.005 ∗∗	0.028 ∗	0.000 ∗∗∗	0.005 ∗∗	0.001 ∗∗∗	0.000 ∗∗∗
KAU	−0.002	−0.010	−0.015	0.087 ∗∗∗	0.077 ∗∗		0.926	0.486	0.544	0.079	0.181	0.736	0.818
LAN	−0.007	−0.013	−0.016	0.061 ∗∗	0.068 ∗∗	−0.022		0.411	0.654	0.184	0.318	0.671	0.655
MAI	−0.006	0.026	−0.013	0.078 ∗∗∗	0.064 ∗∗	−0.006	−0.002		0.697	0.043 ∗	0.254	0.134	0.184
MOL	−0.020	0.011	−0.019	0.061 ∗∗∗	0.042 ∗	−0.009	−0.012	−0.014		0.183	0.803	0.225	0.123
NII	0.051 ∗	0.015	0.021	0.021	0.126 ∗∗∗	0.033	0.012	0.040 ∗	0.013		0.776	0.118	0.038 ∗
OAH	0.011	0.014	−0.005	0.023 ∗	0.066 ∗∗	0.014	0.004	0.008	−0.014	−0.012		0.122	0.048 ∗
1982	0.013	−0.017	0.000	0.085 ∗∗∗	0.102 ∗∗∗	−0.014	−0.010	0.019	0.009	0.020	0.018		0.449
PHR	0.030	−0.003	0.010	0.105 ∗∗∗	0.127 ∗∗∗	−0.018	−0.012	0.014	0.023	0.047 ∗	0.039∗	−0.004

FFSs: French Frigate Shoals, JOH: Johnston Atoll, MOL: Moloka`i, OAH: O‘ahu, HE: Hawai`i East, KAU: Kaua`i, NII: Niihau, HS: Hawai`i South, LAN: Lana`i, PHR: Pearl and Hermes Atoll, HW: Hawai`i West, MAI: Maui, and HAW 1982: Hawai`i.