Research Article

Ecosystem-Based Management in Fiji: Successes and Challenges after Five Years of Implementation

Table 3

PERMANOVA results of differences in fish biomass inside and adjacent to the following MPAs: (a) Yamotu Lase; (b) Nakali; (c) Nause; (d) Namuri; (e) Namena. Mean total fish biomass in closed and open areas is reported in kg/ha. Significant differences of (derived by permutation analysis) are indicated in bold.

MPAClosedOpen (perm)

(a) Yamotu Lase
 2007119.4640.121.608.126
 2008673.64215.362.633.007

(b) Nakali
 20071449.71224.644.639.001
 2008521.25485.810.057.953
 20091296.97897.142.873.006

(c) Nasue
 2007831.35560.290.610.530
 20081309.59993.841.307.168
 20091194.761498.941.411.187

(d) Namuri
 20071015.97461.912.832.008
 20081625.72585.395.265.001
 2009673.471143.992.288.025

(e) Namena
 20071660.11436.122.666.014
 20082642.731602.711.168.243
 20091994.501009.313.004.003