Tidal Influence on Nutrients Status and Phytoplankton Population of Okpoka Creek, Upper Bonny Estuary, Nigeria

Table 3

Variations of Bacillariophyceae species under tidal influence in Okpoka Creek.

S/no.	Species	Means ± SEM (%)			Statistical difference (ANOVA)
		Overall	Low tide	High tide
1	Cyclotella comta	10.89 ± 1.32	11.26 ± 1.54^a	8.91 ± 1.22^b	𝑃<0.05
2	C. meneghiniana	9.34 ± 0.97	9.34 ± 1.14^a	9.36 ± 1.94^a	𝑃>0.05
3	C. striata	7.31 ± 1.24	5.96 ± 1.36^b	8.65 ± 2.02^a	𝑃>0.05
4	C. operculata	17.24 ± 1.63	17.03 ± 1.98^a	18.33 ± 0.00^a	𝑃>0.05
5	C. 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑠^∗	3.96 ± 0.32	3.96 ± 0.32	—
6	Fragilaria intermedia	1.94 ± 0.54	1.85 ± 0.32^a	2.12 ± 1.91^a	𝑃>0.05
7	F. capucina	2.66 ± 1.59	2.66 ± 1.59	—
8	F. construens	0.39 ± 0.00	—	0.39 ± 0.00
9	F. 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑠^∗	3.02 ± 0.00	—	3.02 ± 0.00
10	Epithermia zebra	0.47 ± 0.00	0.47 ± 0.00	—
11	Attheya zacharias	0.79 ± 0.00	—	0.79 ± 0.00
12	Stauroneis acuta	3.21 ± 0.00	3.21 ± 0.00	—
13	S. parvula	2.71 ± 0.00	—	2.71 ± 0.00
14	S. 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑠^∗	1.97 ± 0.00	—	4.36 ± 1.03
15	Diatoma vulgare	4.35 ± 0.77	4.33 ± 1.21^a	0.65 ± 0.36^b	𝑃<0.05
16	Rhizosolenia sp.	0.65 ± 0.36	—	1.69 ± 0.34
17	Tabellaria fenestrate	1.62 ± 0.26	1.34 ± 0.02^b	12.81 ± 1.84^a	𝑃<0.05
18	Synedria ulna	12.08 ± 1.71	8.80 ± 4.64^a	3.82 ± 0.00^b	𝑃<0.05
19	S. acus	4.51 ± 0.69	5.19 ± 0.00^b	8.33 ± 1.41^a	𝑃<0.05
20	S. affinis	7.29 ± 1.55	2.12 ± 0.00^b	8.81 ± 1.27^a	𝑃<0.05
21	S. 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑠^∗	10.26 ± 1.26	14.14 ± 1.96^a	9.90 ± 1.22^b	𝑃<0.05
22	Coscinodiscus lacustris	9.46 ± 1.00	7.81 ± 1.52^a	5.64 ± 1.55^b	𝑃<0.05
23	C. radiate	6.39 ± 1.18	7.90 ± 1.71^a	0.96 ± 0.00^b	𝑃<0.05
24	C. excentricus	0.96 ± 0.00	—	7.41 ± 6.61
25	C. 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑠^∗	7.41 ± 6.61	—	2.53 ± 0.66
26	Amphora ovalis	2.68 ± 0.54	3.17 ± 0.86^b	15.48 ± 1.76^a	𝑃<0.05
27	Nitzschia sigma	15.15 ± 1.64	11.84 ± 4.46^a	10.16 ± 2.78^a	𝑃>0.05
28	N. bilobata	11.39 ± 1.95	13.86 ± 1.55^a	8.50 ± 2.45^b	𝑃<0.05
29	N. lanceolata	8.50 ± 2.45	—	6.64 ± 0.70
30	N. paradoxa	6.83 ± 0.60	7.75 ± 0.00^b	11.33 ± 0.85^a	𝑃<0.05
31	N. filiforms	11.33 ± 0.85	—	10.17 ± 0.00
32	N. longissima	10.17 ± 0.00	—	7.08 ± 3.47
33	N. 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑠^∗	7.08 ± 3.47	—	8.06 ± 1.60
34	Navicula gracilis	7.15 ± 1.54	3.49 ± 0.00^b	11.29 ± 1.73^a	𝑃<0.05
35	N. cuspidata	10.74 ± 1.60	6.91 ± 0.00^b	10.21 ± 0.71^a	𝑃<0.05
36	N. placentula	10.09 ± 0.60	9.53 ± 1.07^b	12.41 ± 1.11^a	𝑃<0.05
37	N. microcephala	10.33 ± 1.72	7.21 ± 3.09^b	10.18 ± 2.11^a	𝑃<0.05
38	N. bacillum	11.37 ± 1.18	12.55 ± 1.06^a	0.37 ± 0.00^b	𝑃<0.05
39	N. amphibola	0.37 ± 0.00	—	9.53 ± 2.95
40	N. 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑠^∗	9.53 ± 2.95	—	13.14 ± 0.73
41	Melosira varians	12.54 ± 0.73	10.13 ± 2.07^b	26.03 ± 16.05^a	𝑃>0.05
42	M. undulate	26.03 ± 16.05	—	17.66 ± 0.96
43	M. pusilla	17.66 ± 0.96	—	14.62 ± 5.73
44	M. distans	12.16 ± 4.13	7.23 ± 0.00^a	7.85 ± 0.25^a	𝑃>0.05
45	M. listans	9.08 ± 0.99	10.92 ± 2.01	—
46	M. granulate	1.60 ± 0.00	1.60 ± 0.00^a	0.77 ± 0.00^a	𝑃>0.05
47	M. 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑠^∗	0.77 ± 0.00	—	3.16 ± 0.01
48	Cymbella cuspidata	2.34 ± 0.82	0.70 ± 0.00^b	2.20 ± 0.00^a	𝑃<0.05
49	C. lata	2.20 ± 0.00	—	3.59 ± 0.01
50	Asterionella formosa	0.84 ± 0.00	0.84 ± 10.00^b	2.41 ± 0.00^a	𝑃<0.05
51	Surirella 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑠^∗	2.41 ± 0.00	—	1.94 ± 0.00
52	S. tenera	1.25 ± 0.70	0.55 ± 0.00	0.99 ± 0.00
53	S. elegans	0.99 ± 0.00	—	4.66 ± 2.25
54	S. robusta	5.49 ± 2.08	10.48 ± 0.00^a	0.27 ± 0.00^b	𝑃<0.05
55	Cymatopleura 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑠^∗	0.27 ± 0.00	—	1.16 ± 0.00
56	Campylodiscus hibernicus	1.16 ± 0.00	—	2.30 ± 1.18
57	Pinnularia viridis	2.03 ± 0.73	—	1.75 ± 0.30
58	P. horealis	2.90 ± 0.82	4.05 ± 1.39^a	0.56 ± 0.21^b	𝑃<0.05
59	P. major	0.87 ± 0.33	1.49 ± 0.00^b	6.69 ± 1.10^a	𝑃<0.05
60	P. 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑠^∗	6.69 ± 1.10	—	7.00 ± 1.12
61	Frustulia rhomboides	7.35 ± 0.96	8.40 ± 2.04^a	7.08 ± 0.81^a	𝑃>0.05
62	Gyrosigma acuminatum	7.24 ± 0.75	7.76 ± 1.88^b	15.76 ± 0.00^a	𝑃<0.05
63	G. 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑠^∗	15.76 ± 0.00	—	11.46 ± 0.00
64	G. attenuatum	11.46 ± 0.00	—	3.53 ± 0.00
65	G. paradoxa	3.53 ± 0.00	—	5.61 ± 1.08
66	Stephanodiscus astraea	6.10 ± 1.07	9.98 ± 0.00	—
67	S. 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑠^∗	1.70 ± 0.00	1.70 ± 0.00	—
68	Cocconeis placentula	0.38 ± 0.00	0.38 ± 0.00	—
69	Bacteriastrum	0.10 ± 0.00	0.10 ± 0.00	—
70	Bacillaria 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑠^∗	1.57 ± 0.00	1.52 ± 0.00	—
71	Biddulphia 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑠^∗	0.30 ± 0.00	0.30 ± 0.00	—
72	Corethron hystrix	10.82 ± 0.00	10.82 ± 0.00	—
73	Cylindrotheca 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑠^∗	4.67 ± 0.00	4.67 ± 0.00	—
74	C. gracilis	2.67 ± 0.00	2.67 ± 0.00	—
75	Diploneis 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑠^∗	0.07 ± 0.00	0.07 ± 0.00	—
76	Ditylum 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑠^∗	0.10 ± 0.00	0.10 ± 0.00	—
77	Hydrosera 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑠^∗	1.00 ± 0.00	1.00 ± 0.00	—
78	Skeletonema 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑠^∗	0.84 ± 0.00	0.84 ± 0.00	—
79	Thalassiothrix 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑠^∗	0.13 ± 0.00	0.13 ± 0.00	—
80	T. longissimum	0.17 ± 0.00	0.17 ± 0.00	—

Means with the same letter in the same row are not significantly different (𝑃>0.05).
∗Means unidentified; —: absent.