Variation in Righting Times of Holothuria atra, Stichopus chloronotus, and Holothuria edulis in Response to Increased Seawater Temperatures on Heron Reef in the Southern GBR

Table 2

Results of the linear mixed model with log-transformed righting time as the response using the function lmer of the R package lmerTest (fit by REML). The random effects are shown as given by the simple summary of the model. The fixed effects are shown as summarized by the function mixed of the package afex (type 3 tests, Kenward-Roger approximation for degrees of freedom) [20]. Number of observations = 216; number of trials = 36; number of individuals = 24.

(a) Random effects

Groups	Variance	Standard Deviation
Trial	0.001009	0.03176
Individual	0.070234	0.26502
Residual	0.122942	0.35063

(b) Fixed effects

Effect	df	F	p-value
Temperature	2, 31.53	14.56	< 0.0001
Species	2, 20.94	1.09	0.36
Temp.: Species	4, 157.33	7.55	< 0.0001