Wetting of <svg style="vertical-align:-4.47125pt;width:54.400002px;" id="M1" height="21.65" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 54.400002 21.65" width="54.400002" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="matrix(.022,-0,0,-.022,.062,16.025)"><path id="x41" d="M673 0h-245v28q47 6 58 16t1 39l-55 154h-213q-31 -87 -36 -129q-16 -47 -5 -61t68 -19v-28h-226v28q50 7 68.5 23.5t43.5 80.5l214 524l24 9l193 -536q23 -63 41.5 -79.5t68.5 -21.5v-28zM418 280l-81 255h-2q-74 -197 -101 -255h184z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.022,-0,0,-.022,15.597,16.025)"><path id="x6C" d="M238 0h-223v26q48 5 60 17t12 61v473q0 50 -10.5 60.5t-58.5 15.5v24q73 8 148 35v-608q0 -49 11.5 -61t60.5 -17v-26z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.016,-0,0,-.016,21.288,21.4)"><path id="x32" d="M412 140l28 -9q0 -2 -35 -131h-373v23q112 112 161 170q59 70 92 127t33 115q0 63 -31 98t-86 35q-75 0 -137 -93l-22 20l57 81q55 59 135 59q69 0 118.5 -46.5t49.5 -122.5q0 -62 -29.5 -114t-102.5 -130l-141 -149h186q42 0 58.5 10.5t38.5 56.5z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.022,-0,0,-.022,29.45,16.025)"><path id="x4F" d="M381 665q131 0 226.5 -93t95.5 -239q0 -158 -96 -253t-238 -95q-137 0 -231 95t-94 238q0 142 92.5 244.5t244.5 102.5zM359 629q-89 0 -151 -74.5t-62 -208.5q0 -141 69 -233t175 -92q90 0 150.5 74t60.5 211q0 152 -69 237.5t-173 85.5z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.016,-0,0,-.016,46.188,21.4)"><path id="x33" d="M285 378v-2q65 -13 102 -54.5t37 -97.5q0 -57 -30.5 -104.5t-74 -75t-85.5 -42t-72 -14.5q-31 0 -59.5 11t-40.5 23q-19 18 -16 36q1 16 23 33q13 10 24 0q58 -51 124 -51q55 0 88 40t33 112q0 64 -39 96.5t-88 32.5q-29 0 -64 -11l-6 29q77 25 118 57.5t41 84.5
q0 45 -26.5 69.5t-68.5 24.5q-67 0 -120 -79l-20 20l43 63q51 56 127 56h1q66 0 107 -37t41 -95q0 -42 -31 -71q-22 -23 -68 -54z" /></g></svg> by Molten Aluminum:  The Influence of <svg style="vertical-align:-4.32007pt;width:58.875px;" id="M2" height="20.4125" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 58.875 20.4125" width="58.875" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="matrix(.022,-0,0,-.022,.062,14.975)"><path id="x42" d="M372 352v-2q176 -27 176 -159q0 -99 -95 -151q-73 -40 -196 -40h-221v28q65 5 78.5 19t13.5 76v404q0 63 -12 77t-72 18v28h257q102 0 150 -34q26 -18 41 -48.5t15 -65.5q0 -111 -135 -150zM213 362h47q80 0 117.5 32t37.5 96q0 56 -33 92t-100 36q-41 0 -56 -10
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t81.5 29.5q49 0 82 -27q45 -39 45 -123v-185q0 -60 35 -60q18 0 36 11zM275 84v156q-12 -6 -49 -23t-41 -19q-31 -14 -46 -31t-15 -43q0 -35 22.5 -55.5t48.5 -20.5q19 0 42 10.5t38 25.5z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.022,-0,0,-.022,23.263,14.975)"><path id="x53" d="M409 504l-29 -5q-16 60 -44.5 96t-86.5 36q-54 0 -82.5 -32t-28.5 -77q0 -51 30.5 -82.5t96.5 -65.5l35.5 -18t33 -19.5t33.5 -23.5l27 -25.5t24.5 -32t13.5 -36.5t6 -45q0 -80 -62 -134.5t-160 -54.5q-47 0 -98 15q-22 7 -50 21q-8 23 -27 155l30 7q7 -27 18 -52
t30 -51.5t49 -42.5t67 -16q56 0 88 32.5t32 87.5q0 51 -31.5 82t-98.5 67q-80 44 -110 73q-55 53 -55 124q0 75 56 126.5t150 51.5q53 0 126 -23z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.022,-0,0,-.022,33.889,14.975)"><use xlink:href="#x4F" /></g><g transform="matrix(.016,-0,0,-.016,50.65,20.35)"><path id="x34" d="M456 178h-96v-72q0 -51 12.5 -62.5t72.5 -16.5v-27h-256v27q65 5 78 17t13 62v72h-260v28q182 271 300 426h40v-407h96v-47zM280 225v295h-2q-107 -148 -196 -295h198z" /></g></svg> Additions

<table>Variation of <svg height="16.3125" id="M122" style="vertical-align:-3.56265pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.7250004 16.3125" width="9.7250004" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.813)"><path d="M542 242q0 -106 -80 -176.5t-192 -72.5l-55 -251l-6 -3q-18 7 -28 38t1 91l23 124q-85 16 -133.5 72.5t-48.5 137.5q0 95 62.5 159.5t166.5 97.5l14 -31q-77 -32 -115 -82.5t-38 -128.5q0 -63 31.5 -107t74.5 -59l125 597l56 43l16 -10l-40 -168q-9 -40 3 -45
q77 -33 120 -85.5t43 -140.5zM469 232q0 67 -37 115t-77 62l-76 -370q89 -4 139.5 52.5t50.5 140.5z" id="x1D719"></path></g>
</svg><sub>o</sub> with temperature for the couple systems of BaO<svg height="7.6750002" id="M123" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.0124998 7.6750002" width="9.0124998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,7.613)"><path d="M455 252q0 -79 -57 -136t-136 -57q-80 0 -136 56q-56 58 -56 137q0 77 56 135q57 57 136 57q84 0 138 -56q55 -55 55 -136z" id="x2022"></path></g>
</svg>6Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/Al
and Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/Al. Note that the BaO<svg height="7.6750002" id="M124" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.0124998 7.6750002" width="9.0124998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,7.613)"><path d="M455 252q0 -79 -57 -136t-136 -57q-80 0 -136 56q-56 58 -56 137q0 77 56 135q57 57 136 57q84 0 138 -56q55 -55 55 -136z" id="x2022"></path></g>
</svg>6Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> phase is more nonwetting than pure alumina.</table>

Journal of Nanomaterials

fig18

Figure 18

Figure 18: Wetting of <svg style="vertical-align:-4.47125pt;width:54.400002px;" id="M1" height="21.65" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 54.400002 21.65" width="54.400002" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="matrix(.022,-0,0,-.022,.062,16.025)"><path id="x41" d="M673 0h-245v28q47 6 58 16t1 39l-55 154h-213q-31 -87 -36 -129q-16 -47 -5 -61t68 -19v-28h-226v28q50 7 68.5 23.5t43.5 80.5l214 524l24 9l193 -536q23 -63 41.5 -79.5t68.5 -21.5v-28zM418 280l-81 255h-2q-74 -197 -101 -255h184z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.022,-0,0,-.022,15.597,16.025)"><path id="x6C" d="M238 0h-223v26q48 5 60 17t12 61v473q0 50 -10.5 60.5t-58.5 15.5v24q73 8 148 35v-608q0 -49 11.5 -61t60.5 -17v-26z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.016,-0,0,-.016,21.288,21.4)"><path id="x32" d="M412 140l28 -9q0 -2 -35 -131h-373v23q112 112 161 170q59 70 92 127t33 115q0 63 -31 98t-86 35q-75 0 -137 -93l-22 20l57 81q55 59 135 59q69 0 118.5 -46.5t49.5 -122.5q0 -62 -29.5 -114t-102.5 -130l-141 -149h186q42 0 58.5 10.5t38.5 56.5z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.022,-0,0,-.022,29.45,16.025)"><path id="x4F" d="M381 665q131 0 226.5 -93t95.5 -239q0 -158 -96 -253t-238 -95q-137 0 -231 95t-94 238q0 142 92.5 244.5t244.5 102.5zM359 629q-89 0 -151 -74.5t-62 -208.5q0 -141 69 -233t175 -92q90 0 150.5 74t60.5 211q0 152 -69 237.5t-173 85.5z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.016,-0,0,-.016,46.188,21.4)"><path id="x33" d="M285 378v-2q65 -13 102 -54.5t37 -97.5q0 -57 -30.5 -104.5t-74 -75t-85.5 -42t-72 -14.5q-31 0 -59.5 11t-40.5 23q-19 18 -16 36q1 16 23 33q13 10 24 0q58 -51 124 -51q55 0 88 40t33 112q0 64 -39 96.5t-88 32.5q-29 0 -64 -11l-6 29q77 25 118 57.5t41 84.5
q0 45 -26.5 69.5t-68.5 24.5q-67 0 -120 -79l-20 20l43 63q51 56 127 56h1q66 0 107 -37t41 -95q0 -42 -31 -71q-22 -23 -68 -54z" /></g></svg> by Molten Aluminum:  The Influence of <svg style="vertical-align:-4.32007pt;width:58.875px;" id="M2" height="20.4125" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 58.875 20.4125" width="58.875" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="matrix(.022,-0,0,-.022,.062,14.975)"><path id="x42" d="M372 352v-2q176 -27 176 -159q0 -99 -95 -151q-73 -40 -196 -40h-221v28q65 5 78.5 19t13.5 76v404q0 63 -12 77t-72 18v28h257q102 0 150 -34q26 -18 41 -48.5t15 -65.5q0 -111 -135 -150zM213 362h47q80 0 117.5 32t37.5 96q0 56 -33 92t-100 36q-41 0 -56 -10
q-13 -8 -13 -50v-196zM213 328v-203q0 -54 17 -72.5t66 -18.5q67 1 110.5 37t43.5 110q0 147 -192 147h-45z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.022,-0,0,-.022,13.423,14.975)"><path id="x61" d="M433 39l-85 -51q-27 0 -47 20q-16 16 -24 44q-5 -3 -24 -16.5t-27 -18.5t-23 -13.5t-25 -12t-19 -3.5q-52 0 -86 36.5t-34 85.5q0 71 81 99q128 43 155 65v17q0 54 -23 83.5t-62 29.5q-28 0 -45 -19t-29 -66q-7 -23 -29 -23q-15 0 -29 13t-14 30t31 40q25 19 68.5 40.5
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Journal of Nanomaterials

Wetting of by Molten Aluminum: The Influence of Additions

Figure 18