Effect of Applied Potential on the Formation of Self-Organized TiO_𝟐 Nanotube Arrays and Its Photoelectrochemical Response

Table 1

Dimension of the TiO₂ nanotube arrays anodized at different applied potential.

Potential (V)	Surface morphology	Length (nm)	Diameter (nm)	Average aspect ratio (L/D)
10	Nanoporous	275	—	—
20	Nonuniform nanotubes	750	Smaller tube = 50	10
			Larger tube = 100
30	Uniform nanotubes	1000	~85	11.8
40	Nonuniform nanotubes	550	Smaller tube = 70	6.1
			Larger tube = 110
50	Nonuniform nanotubes	250	Smaller tube = 40	4.2
			Larger tube = 100