Synthesis, Properties, and Applications of Low-Dimensional Carbon-Related Nanomaterials

Table 1

Comparison of the main synthesis methods of different low-dimensional carbon nanomaterials.

LDC-nanomaterial	Synthesis methods
Fullerene	Laser vaporization, Arc discharge, Combustion, Microwave plasma Pyrolysis, Flat flames
CEMNPs	Arc-discharge, high-temperature heat treatment, mechanical milling, Co-carbonization, Pulse-laser irradiation
ND	MPCVD, Hot-filament, CVD, Pulse laser ablation, Electro irradiation, High-energy X-ray diffraction
OLCs	Arc-discharge, High-electron irradiation, CVD, RFP Thermal annealing of diamond nano-particle
CNFs	Traditional vapor growth, Catalytic combustion, PECVD, Hot filament-assisted sputtering, Ultrasonic spray pyrolysis, Ion beam
CNTs	Arc-discharge, Laser-ablation, CVD, Other methods
Graphene	Mechanical exfoliation, Epitaxial growth, Chemical exfoliation
CNWs	MWPECVD, RFPECVD, HWCVD, EBEPECVD