Influence of Selected Alkoxysilanes on Dispersive Properties and Surface Chemistry of Titanium Dioxide and TiO₂–SiO₂ Composite Material

Table 2

Dispersive properties of TiO₂ and TiO₂–SiO₂ samples modified with different silane coupling agents.

Sample	Modifying agent	Amount of modifying agent (wt./wt.)	Particle size distributions by volume (nm) and maximum volume contribution (%)	Polydispersity index
A11		—	342–6440 (825 nm-10.6)	0.218
	U-511 silane	0.5	122–6440 (5560 nm-12.0)	0.244
		1	255–6440 (4800 nm-12.2)	0.319
		3	255–6440 (4800 nm-19.1)	0.429
		—	342–6440 (825 nm-10.6)	0.218
	U-611 silane	0.5	142–6440 (5560 nm-11.8)	0.398
		1	164–1110; 3090–6440 (342 nm-17.6; 5560 nm-6.0)	0.157
		3	122–1720; 2300–6440 (342 nm-5.1; 5560 nm-16.7)	0.437
		—	342-6440 (825 nm-10.6)	0.218
	U-15D silane	0.5	255–6440 (825 nm-11.3)	0.224
		1	164–6440 (5560 nm-13.5)	0.237
		3	459–6440 (4800 nm-24.1)	0.403
R001		—	255–6440 (5560 nm-12.3)	0.242
	U-511 silane	0.5	220–6440 (342 nm-8.3)	0.354
		1	106–6440 (4800 nm-7.8)	0.269
		3	164–1280 (342 nm-18.7)	0.114
		—	255–6440 (5560 nm-12.3)	0.242
	U-611 silane	0.5	342–6440 (4800 nm-13.6)	0.410
		1	295–6440 (4880 nm-17.6)	0.387
		3	342–6440 (4800 nm-16.2)	0.396
		—	255–6440 (5560 nm-12.3)	0.242
	U-15D silane	0.5	615–6440 (5560 nm-29.2)	0.491
		1	220–6440 (955 nm-9.3)	0.221
		3	190–5560 (4150 nm-14)	0.357
R213		—	190–6440 (5560 nm-10.2)	0.233
	U-511 silane	0.5	396–6440 (4800 nm-16.2)	0.107
		1	164–6440 (4800 nm-17.9)	0.411
		3	190–6440 (396 nm-13.2)	0.295
		—	190–6440 (5560 nm-10.2)	0.233
	U-611 silane	0.5	342–3090 (1110 nm-11.6)	0.305
		1	122–6440 (1280,1480 nm-8.2)	0.372
		3	220–6440 (615 nm-8.9)	0.419
		—	190–6440 (5560 nm-10.2)	0.233
	U-15D silane	0.5	295–6440 (4800 nm-16.0)	0.171
		1	190–6440 (5560 nm-19.2)	0.170
		3	255–6440 (4800 nm-10.5)	0.259
TP10		—	342–1110 (712 nm-22.8)	0.197
	U-511 silane	0.5	255–531 (396 nm-32.9)	0.325
		1	342–825 (531 nm-29.8)	0.289
		3	396–1110 (615 nm-26.2)	0.453
		—	342–1110 (712 nm-22.8)	0.197
	U-611 silane	0.5	459–1280 (825 nm-29.0)	0.193
		1	396–1110 (712 nm-27.9)	0.220
		3	342–825 (531 nm-30.3)	0.348
		—	342–1110 (712 nm-22.8)	0.197
	U-15D silane	0.5	296–1280 (615 nm-20.7)	0.260
		1	342–955 (531 nm-28.6)	0.217
		3	342–955 (615 nm-27.1)	0.179