Relationship between Synthesis Conditions and Photocatalytic Activity of Nanocrystalline TiO₂

Table 4

Physicochemical properties of the TiO₂ nanoparticles synthesized with different calcination temperatures. The TiO₂ synthesis was carried out with a molar ratio (water and TTIP) of 5 and pH 7.

Temperature (^°C)	Phase content^a	𝑆bBET (m^2 g^−1)	Pore volume^b (mm^3 g^−1)	Crystalline size^c (nm)
400	(A): 100	83.3	85	9.6
500	(A): 100	40.1	55	13.7
600	(A): 100	38.2	69	18.0
700	(A): 92.4	33.1	46	(A): 28.5
	(R): 7.6			(R): 33.1
800	(A): 15.1	22.3	32	(A): 58.9
	(R): 84.9			(R): 94.1
900	(A): 3.7	19.5	30	(A): 77.2
	(R): 96.3			(R): 113
1000	(R): 100	16.1	26	138

^aA and R represent anatase and rutile, respectively.
^bValue calculated from nitrogen adsorption isotherm.
^cValue calculated using the Scherrer’s equation [22].