The Impacts of Graphene Nanosheets and Manganese Valency on Lithium Storage Characteristics in Graphene/Manganese Oxide Hybrid Anode

Table 1

Complied information MnOx and GNS/MnOx composites in published literatures including their prepared conditions, manganese component phases, GNS contents, and electrochemical performances.

Sample	Morphology	Basic synthesis info	1st 𝑑/𝑐 capacities (mAh/g), efficiency	Rate capability; (mAh/g at mA/g)	Reference
MnO2		MnAc + (NH4)2S2O7, 140°C 2 h to form amorphous MnO2, 500°C 10 h	1146/627, 55%		[26]
Mn2O3	rodlike 100–150 nm in diameter, 1-2 μm in length	ibid amorphous MnO2, 350°C 10 h	1156/547, 47%	No info	[26]
Mn3O4		ibid amorphous MnO2, 280°C 3 h in H2/Ar, 700°C 2 h in Ar	1265/528, 42%		[26]
MnO		ibid amorphous MnO2, 400°C 10 h in H2/Ar, 700°C 2 h in Ar	1728/488, 28%		[26]
MnO	agglomerate; 0.5–1.5 μm	MnO-L (commercial); C-coated (C/MnO-L)	1270/690, 53%; 1080/670, 62%	300 at 800	[27]
MnO	Sheets,; 0.5–1.5 μm	MnO-S (ball milled); C-coated (C/MnO-S)	1240/750, 61%; 1080/700, 65%	300 at 800	[27]
Mn3O4	spongelike; 30–80 nm	Mn(CH3COO)2 + NH4OH, 300°C 5 h	1327/869, 65%	520 at 500	[28]
Mn3O4/GNS	20–30 nm	GO + MnCl2·2H2O + KMnO4 + NH4OH,; 80°C 8 h, 120°C dried, GNS 15 wt%	1789/1100, 62%	400 at 1000	[22]
Mn3O4/GNS	30–50 nm	GO + Mn(CH3COO)2 + NaOH, hydrothermal 180°C for 12 h, GNS 15 wt%	1100/750, 68%	610 at 200	[23]
MnO/GNS	30–50 nm	ibid, then 400°C 2 h in H2/N2, GNS 12 wt%	1320/820, 62%	200 at 600	[23]
Mn3O4/GNS	10–20 nm	GO + Mn(CH3COO)2, hydrolysis, hydrothermal at 180°C for 10 h, 10 wt% RGO	1320/850, 64%	600 at 800	[19]
MnO2/GNS	70–80 nm; diameter	GO + MnO2 nanotube hydrothermal from KMnO4, layer by layer assembly	1232/686, 55.7%	300 at 800	[24]