In Vitro Biocompatibility of Endodontic Sealers Incorporating Antibacterial Nanoparticles

Table 2

Summary of atomic percentage values of elements determined by XPS analysis and DLS measurements.

Tested material	Atomic concentration %/Mass concentration %				DLS Analysis
	I 3d	O 1s	C 1s	Si 2p
AH Plus	—	21.79/21.85	59.08/44.48	19.13/33.67	—
AH Plus + 2% QPEI	0.08/0.64	21.17/21.46	61.09/46.48	17.66/31.42	—

AHPlus with and without added QPEI nanoparticles.
^aQPEI nanoparticle presence in the modified sealers was estimated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; using Kratos Axis Ultra spectrometer (Kratos Analytical Ltd., Manchester, UK), using Al K𝛼 monochromatic radiation X-ray source (1,486.7 eV). AH plus discs incorporating 0% or 2% wt/wt were prepared and left to dry in the incubator for 1 week.
^bSupernatant of AHPlus with and without QPEI nanoparticles was determined using dynamic light scattering analyzer (Zetasizer Nano-S, Malvernd); samples (𝑛=8) were incubated for 1 week; supernatant was collected and tested—no particles.