TEM images of (a) titanate nanotubes, (b) TiO2-NTs@@SiO2 with “open-ended” structure (500°C, 2 h). (c) XRD pattern of TiO2-NTs@@SiO2 calcined at various temperatures. (d) TiO2-NRs@@SiO2 with “close-ended” structure (over 600°C, 2 h) and EDS spectra of the sample (inset).