Oral administration: 5 mL of 60–600 μg/mL TiO2 for 5 consecutive days. Pregnant dams: supplemented TiO2 drinking water for 10 days at a concentration of 300 μg/mL.
5 C57Bl/6Jpun/pun mice per group
Inflammatory action: blood TNF-α, IFN-γ, KC increased. Genotoxicity: increase in DNA deletion in in utero treated mice (eyespots per RPE); DNA double strand breaks in bone marrow cells (γ-H2AX foci formation) and in WBC (comet assay); MN in ERYs; 8-OhdG in liver.
8-OhdG, 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine; 8-oxoGua, 8-oxoguanine; AM, alveolar macrophage; ERY, erythrocyte; IFN-γ, interferon- γ; KC, mouse orthologue of interleukin-8; MN, micronuclei; NEU, neutrophil; RPE, retinal pigment epithelium; TCC, total cell count; TiO2 NPs, titanium dioxide nanoparticles; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; TPC, total protein content; WBC, white blood cells.