Influences of Stacking Architectures of TiO₂ Nanoparticle Layers on Characteristics of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Figure 1

SEM images of the various TiO₂ nanoparticle films (6 μm thick): (a) T20, (b) T37, (c) D20, and (d) RSP.

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(b)

(c)

(d)