Heterogeneous Metal Catalysts for Oxidation Reactions

Table 3

Oxidation of glucose by various catalysts.

Name of catalysts	Preparation method	Reaction condition						Main product	Selectivity (%)	References
		Substrate	Oxidant	Reaction time (h)	Reaction temperature (°C)	pH	Solvent
Gold nanoparticles on cellulose	Deposition-reduction		O2	—	60	9.5	Water	Gluconic acid	—	[41]
Au/Al2O3	Deposition-precipitation		O2	7	60	9.0	Water	Gluconic acid	97	[79]
Au/C	Cationic adsorption		O2	7	60	9.0	Water	Gluconic acid	97	[79]
Au-Pd/C	Impregnation		O2	20	50	9.25	—	Gluconic acid	—	[103]
Au/Al2O3	Incipient wetness; impregnation	Glucose	H2O2		40	9.0	—	Sodium D-gluconate	99	[102]
Au/C	Gold sol		—	30	50	9.5	—	Gluconic acid	45	[124]
Nanosized Au/SiO2	Stöber		H2O2	24	30	9.2	Water	Gluconic acid	80	[95]
Pb-Te/SiO2	Repeated impregnation		O2	1.5	60	9.0	—	Gluconic acid	88.4	[104]
Au/Pt bimetallic nanoparticle	Vacuum drying		O2	2	60	9.5	—	Gluconic acid	—	[80]