Chitosan and Its Derivatives Applied in Harvesting Microalgae for Biodiesel Production: An Outlook

Table 1

Optimal flocculation of some microalgae.

Species	Chitosan dosage	Parameters	Flocculation efficiency	References
Chaetoceros calcitrans	80 mg/L	pH 8.0	80%	[46]
Chaetoceros muelleri	150 mg/L	pH 8.0	95%	[46]
Chlorella	5.0 mg/L	pH 7.0,	90%	[63]
Chlorella consortium	25 mg/L	Stirring for 1 min, settling for 10 min	58±8	[10]
Chlorella sorokiniana	10 mg/gram algal dry weight	pH 6	99%	[43]
Chlorella sorokiniana	25 mg/L	Stirring for 1 min, settling for 10 min	30±11	[10]
Chlorella sp.	10 ppm	Mixing for 20 min, mixing at 150 ppm, and sedimenting for 20 min	99.0±0.4%	[41]
Chlorella vulgaris	200 mg/L	In a logarithmic growth phase	99.7%	[45]
Chlorella vulgaris	30 mg/L	pH 8.7,; 300 rpm, and settling for 10 min.	92%	[38]
Chlorella vulgaris and Microcystis sp.	214 mg/L	Fish-processing wastewater, agitation speed of 131 rpm	91.9%	[64]
Chlorococcum sp.	25 mg/L	Stirring for 1 min, settling for 10 min	38±1	[10]
Nannochloropsis sp.	100 mg/L	pH 9.0	92%	[62]
Neochloris oleoabundans	100 mg/L	Mixing time for 10 min, mixing rate of 350 rpm	95%	[39]
Pavlova lutheri	80 mg/L	pH 8.0	80%	[46]
Phaeodactylum tricornutum	20 mg/L	pH 9.9; Settling time of 10 min	92%	[18]
Scenedesmus costatum	2 mg/L	pH 7	95–100%	[16]
Scenedesmus obliquus	25 mg/L	Stirring for 1 min, settling for 10 min	20±15	[10]
Scenedesmus quadricauda	10 mg/L	pH 8.0; SDS was used as the collector	90%	[65]
Skeletonema costatum	80 mg/L	pH 8.0	70%	[46]
Synechocystis	15 mg/L	pH 7.0	>90%	[63]
Tahitian Isochrysis	40 mg/L	pH 8.0	90%	[46]
Tetraselmis chui	40 mg/L	pH 8.0	80%	[46]
Thalassiosira pseudonana	40 mg/L	pH 8.0	90%	[46]