Review Article

A Review on the Study of the Generation of (Nano)particles Aerosols during the Mechanical Solicitation of Materials

Table 1

Beyond the state of the art of particles’ aerosol characterization techniques (source: Nanodevice).

Device nameMeasured physical metricParticles size rangeOperation principleLevel of development

DEKATI
Low-cost total active surface area monitor
Total active surface area10 nm–3 µmAerosol particle charging in a unipolar diffusion charger; electrical detection of total amount of charged particles using escaping charge technology.Operational preprototype

TSI
NanoGuard
Number concentration, size distribution, and morphology finger print<20–450 nmElectrical mobility classified particle charge concentration measured with two detectors with different response characteristics. Signal thresholds trigger method of operation (integral/size distribution scan/sampling with electrostatic precipitator). Thermal precipitator to continuously sample over 8-hour shift.Working prototypes; full characterization still underway

Naneum
Real-time CNT Monitor
Number concentrationAll CNT sourcesCNT particles in the air are preselected using certain physical/chemical characteristics of CNT. Individual CNT objects are then counted using optical techniques.Near market

Naneum
Personal nanosampler
Mass concentration and size distribution of nanoparticles2 nm–5 µmUp to three cyclones collect larger particles with a final cut-off of 300 nm. Particles with aerodynamic diameters <300 nm are collected on a series of specially designed diffusion stages, with a variety of substrates.Near market

Stockholm uni.
Sampler/preseparator for aerosol fraction deposited in the anterior nasal region
Depending on the metrics of the used monitor5–400 nmDiffusive deposition with separation curves optimized with respect to the ICRP model and ISO/FDIS13138:2011.Preprototype

Stockholm uni.
Sampler/preseparator for aerosol fraction deposited in the gas exchange region
Depending on the metrics of the used monitor20 nm–5 µmAerodynamic and diffusive deposition with separation curves optimized with respect to the ICRP model and ISO/FDIS13138:2011.Preprototype

Grimm
NanoDevice
Particle number and size10 nm–27 µmElectrical and optical principles, currents, and single particle counting (light scattering).Preprototype

DTU
MEMS-based airborne nanoparticles sensor
Mass concentration and chemical composition5–300 nmParticle mass: gravimetry; chemical composition: closed information.Early stage/still in the lab

KIT
Catalytic Activity Aerosol Monitor (CAAM)
Catalytic activity concentrationAny with catalytic activityParticles sampled for a short time on (heated) filter.
Reaction gases added to start catalytic reaction.
Detection based on IR absorption of the product gas(es).
Reactant gas supply from lecture bottle(s) with flow control.
Proof of concept/preprototype

Fraunhofer IPA CNT-detectMass concentrationAll CNT sourcesMagnetic deposition followed by Raman spectroscopyPreprototype