Improvement of Orange II Photobleaching by Moderate Ga³⁺ Doping of Titania and Detrimental Effect of Structural Disorder on Ga Overloading

Table 1

Experimental conditions, parameters from Rietveld refinement, surface area, and porosity.

Sample	Ga(NO3)3 (g)	XRF Ga^3+ (wt.%)	Anatase phase (wt.%)	Non-diffractivephase (wt.%)	Cell param. 𝑎 (Å)	Cell param. 𝑐 (Å)	Cell vol. change Δ𝑉/𝑉0 (%)	Cryst. size (nm)	Surface area (m^2g^−1)	Total pore volume (cm^3g^−1)	Average pore size (nm)
TiGa001	0.128	0.51	93.43	6.57	3.7964	9.5059	0.03	7.2	266.8	0.2349	9.6
TiGa005	0.64	0.98	92.68	7.32	3.7965	9.5046	0.02	6.9	258.7	0.2239	7.6
TiGa010	1.28	2.18	92.95	7.05	3.7989	9.5037	0.08	6.6	242.9	0.2888	25.9
TiGa020	2.56	4.28	93.01	6.99	3.7999	9.5059	0.13	5.2	260.6	0.2734	25.3
TiGa050	6.4	5.66	86.53	13.47	3.8030	9.5217	0.37	5.2	279.2	0.2481	7.8
TiGa080	10.24	13.60	79.52	20.48	3.8104	9.494	0.28	5.1	279.3	0.2426	10.9
TiGa100	12.8	12.50	74.75	25.25	3.8143	9.4982	0.42	4.3	306.0	0.2727	8.2
TiGa120	15.36	18.69	63.35	36.65	3.8156	9.4888	0.36	4.4	300.0	0.2527	10.1