Comparison between Base Metals and Platinum Group Metals in Nitrogen, M Codoped TiO₂ (M = Fe, Cu, Pd, Os) for Photocatalytic Removal of an Organic Dye in Water

Table 1

Particle size and phase composition of the materials.

Sample	Particle size (nm)	Anatase phase (%)
Commercial TiO2 (P25)	26.7	79.2
N, Pd codoped TiO2	15.8	97.3
N, Fe codoped TiO2	26.2	85.8
N, Os codoped TiO2	14.0	87.9
N, Cu codoped TiO2	24.9	72.1