Nanomaterial Synthesis Using Plasma Generation in Liquid

Table 6

Carbon NM synthesis via techniques for plasma generation in liquid.

NMs	Electrode	Liquid	Configurations and references
C60	Graphite	Toluene	ii-1: electric discharge (24 nF condenser) [105]
Carbon onion	Graphite	Solution	ii-6: arc discharge (DC) [142–144]
CNT	Graphite, Fe, and Ni	Toluene	ii-1: arc discharge (DC) [107]
		LN	ii-7: arc discharge (DC) [154]
	Carbon rods	Solution	ii-1: arc discharge (DC) [106], ii-3: arc discharge (AC) [106, 120] (DC) [121], ii-4: arc discharge (AC or DC) [127], and ii-6: arc discharge (DC) [145, 147, 148]
		LN	ii-3: arc discharge (DC) [121] and ii-6: arc discharge [148]
Graphene	—	Ethanol	i-6: pulsed discharge (Ar) [54, 55]
		Butanol	i-6: pulsed discharge (Ar) [54]
	Graphite	LN or solution	ii-3: arc discharge (DC) [121]
		Alcohols, alkanes, Aromatics	ii-7: arc discharge (DC) [160]
		Solution	ii-7: arc discharge (DC) [156]