Characterization of Multiferroic Domain Structures in Multiferroic Oxides

Figure 6

HAADF image of the antivortex domains in multiferroic YMnO₃ [25]. Yellow and blue rectangles are used to mark the upward and downward polarized unit cells, respectively. The yellow upward and blue downward arrows indicate the different direction of polarization, respectively. Two white horizontal lines are superposed on the image to identify the relative translation relationship among , , and domains. The DWs are marked by red dotted lines and the red circle is used to mark the region of the vortex core. The types of six DWs are also outlined by the white vertical lines, labeled by type-I and type-II. The schematics of the three translation domains are presented at the bottom. The broken rectangles are used to indicate the same polarized unit cells. The black ruler are scaled by the lattice periodicity projected along the direction. The positions of the broken rectangles relative to the short vertical lines in the black ruler reflect their translation relationship.