Influence of the Surfactant Nature on the Occurrence of Self-Assembly between Rubber Particles and Thermally Reduced Graphite Oxide during the Preparation of Natural Rubber Nanocomposites

Table 1

Zeta potential distribution of NR latex and mixture of NR latex/SDS, NR latex/DTAB, NR latex/TRGO/SDS, and NR latex/TRGO/DTAB. The surfactant concentrations were 0.5 CMC, 1.0 CMC, and 1.5 CMC.

Sample	Zeta potential (mV)	Z-average (nm)	Peak 1 (nm)	Peak height (%)	Peak width (%)	Peak area (%)	Peak 2 (nm)	Peak height (%)	Peak width (%)	Peak area (%)
NR	−50.3	551,0	327.6	11.6	247.4	100	—	—	—	—
SDS 0.5 CMC/NR	−56.7	593,9	540.1	4.3	143.9	79.4	154.8	22.8	32.4	79.4
SDS 1.0 CMC/NR	−56.9	531,8	493.2	3.9	139.7	19.6	158.8	21.9	39.2	80.4
SDS 1.5 CMC/NR	−60.5	526,6	574.9	2.3	188.4	13.7	168.9	20.2	49.4	86.3
DTAB 0.5 CMC /NR	−45.3	929,3	729.5	32.2	127.2	100	—	—	—	—
DTAB 1.0 CMC/NR	−40.0	2736	1005	35.9	170.5	100	—	—	—	—
DTAB 1.5 CMC/NR	−37.0	3136	1015	33.2	168.8	100	—	—	—	—
SDS 0.5 CMC/TRGO/NR	−60.2	589	606.6	3.8	157.0	18.1	171.7	22.1	38.1	81.9
SDS 1.0 CMC/TRGO/NR	−63.7	595,3	502.3	3.9	132	18.2	129.5	25.0	25.4	81.8
SDS 1.5 CMC/TRGO/NR	−64.1	647	460.1	3.5	129.6	17.6	100.3	24.9	19.5	88.4
DTAB 0.5 CMC/TRGO/NR	−42.9	2768	836.5	35.1	135.0	100	—	—	—	—
DTAB 1.0 CMC/TRGO/NR	−40.6	2909	1005	33.6	167.3	100	—	—	—	—
DTAB 1.5 CMC/TRGO/NR	−34.6	3468	1288	37.5	189.7	100	—	—	—	—