High Performance Electrocatalysts Based on Pt Nanoarchitecture for Fuel Cell Applications

Table 2

Summary of various Pt-based nanostructures and their synthesis method with enhanced electrochemical properties in each alcohol electrooxidation for PEMFCs.

Application	Material/; shape	Synthesis method	Experimental factor	Maximum current density at 50 mV s^−1	Electrolyte	Reference
FAOR	Pt-Cu/hierarchical trigonal bipyramid nanoframe	Polyol	Concentration of KI	3.77^a; 0.78^b	0.5 M H2SO4 + 0.25 M HCOOH	[68]
	Pt-Fe/cube	Thermal-decomposition	Presence of W(CO)6	~1.6^a,c	0.1 M HClO4 + 0.5 M HCOOH	[69]
	Pt/Multipod, disc, and hexagon	Electrochemical deposition	Reduction potential	0.017^a (multipod); 0.01^a (disc); 0.03^a (hexagon)	0.5 M H2SO4 + 0.25 M HCOOH	[70]
	Pt1Au3/nanotube	Polyol/galvanic replacement process	Ag nanotemplate	1.4^b	0.5 M H2SO4 + 0.5 M HCOOH	[71]
	Pt/trapezohedron	Electrochemical deposition	Square-wave potential	4.1^a	0.1 M HClO4 + 0.25 M HCOOH	[72]
MOR	Pt-Ag/octahedron	Polyol	Selective oxidative etching on Ag^0	2.96^a; ~0.35^b	0.5 M H2SO4 + 1.0 M CH3OH	[73]
	Cu@PtCu/hexagonal shape	Polyol	Presence of Fe^3+ ion	1.77^a; 0.889^b	0.5 M H2SO4 + 1.0 M CH3OH	[74]
	Pt-Cu/dendrite	Polyol	Two step process using ascorbic acid	0.5^a	0.1 M HClO4 + 1.0 M CH3OH	[36]
	Pt-Pd/cube and tetrahedron	Polyol	Presence of Br^−/I^− ions, Na2C2O4, and formaldehyde	1.49^a (cube); 1.12^a (tetrahedron)	0.1 M HClO4 + 1.0 M CH3OH	[75]
	Pt-Pd/octahedron	Polyol	Glycerol/fast reducing rate	~2.2^a	0.1 M HClO4 + 2.0 M CH3OH	[41]
	Pt-Cu/hexapod concave with high-index facets	Thermal-decomposition	Concentration of didodecyl dimethyl-ammonium bromide	2.5^a; 1.15^b	0.5 M H2SO4 + 1.0 M CH3OH	[76]
	Pt-Fe-Co/cube and branched nanocubes	Thermal-decomposition	Etching of acetylacetonate group and presence of N2 gas	~1.17^b,c	1.0 M H2SO4 + 2.0 M CH3OH	[77]
	Pt-Co/cube	Thermal-decomposition	Presence of W(CO)6	~1.5^a,c	0.1 M HClO4 + 1.0 M CH3OH	[78]
	Pt-Ni/porous nanotube	Electrochemical deposition	ZnO template and deposition time	~1.5^a	0.5 M H2SO4 + 0.5 M CH3OH	[79]
	Pt-Ru/wires	Electrochemical deposition	AAO template	~13^a	0.5 M H2SO4 + 0.5 M CH3OH	[80]
EOR	Pt-Bi/nanowires	Polyol	Concentration ratio between Pt and Bi ions	0.65^a,d	0.1 M HClO4 + 0.125 M CH3CH2OH	[32]
	Pt/cube	Polyol	Effect of Fe^3+ ions	~1.2^a	0.5 M H2SO4 + 2.0 M CH3CH2OH	[54]
	Pt/cube	Thermal-decomposition	Presence of PVP	~1.75^a	0.1 M HClO4 + 2.0 M CH3CH2OH	[31]
	Pt/concave with high-index facets	Thermal-decomposition	Presence of formaldehyde	~3.2^b	0.1 M HClO4 + 0.1 M CH3CH2OH	[81]
	Pt-Rh/TPH with high-index facets	Electrochemical deposition	Square-wave potential	4.19^a	0.1 M HClO4 + 0.1 M CH3CH2OH	[82]

Maximum specific area current density (mA cm⁻²). ^bMaximum specific mass current density (A mg⁻¹). ^cScan rate is 20 mV s⁻¹. ^dScan rate is 60 mV s⁻¹.