A Comparative Study of Er³⁺, Er³⁺-Eu³⁺, Er³⁺-Tb³⁺, and Er³⁺-Eu³⁺-Tb³⁺ Codoped Y₂O₃ Nanoparticles as Optical Heaters

Figure 2

SEM image of Y₂O₃ after calcination at 1000°C/5 h, with average particle size of about 50 nm: (a) pure sample, (b) sample doped with Er³⁺-Eu³⁺-Tb³⁺.

(a)

(b)