Formation Mechanism of Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate Stones: A Component Analysis of Urinary Nanocrystallites
Table 1
Statistical analysis of the components of stones, urinary nanocrystallites, and urine of six patients with MAP stones compared with six healthy subjects.
Number
Location
Stone component
Crystallite component
Urine pH
Mg2+ (mg/L)
Phosphate (mg/L)
Patient A
Kidney
67% MAP·6H2O 16% MgHPO4·3H2O 16% CaP
MAP·H2O CaP
6.6
54.6
519
Patient B
Kidney
76% MAP·6H2O 12% MgHPO4·3H2O 12% CaP
MgHPO4·3H2O CaP
6.8
68.1
576
Patient C
Kidney
67% MAP·6H2O 16% MgHPO4·3H2O 16% CaP
MgHPO4·3H2O COM MAP·H2O
6.4
52.1
539
Patient D
Bladder
75% MAP·6H2O 25% COM
MgHPO4·3H2O, MAP·H2O CaP
6.1
58.5
611
Patient E
Kidney
78% MAP·6H2O 22% COM
MAP·H2O MgHPO4·3H2O
6.6
61.3
580
Patient F
Bladder
65% MAP·6H2O 35% COM
MAP·H2O COM
6.4
58.1
478
Average value of six patients
6.5 ± 0.4
58.8 ± 13.1
550 ± 72
Average value of six healthy subjects
UA COD MAP·H2O
6.0 ± 0.3
74.1 ± 23.2
441 ± 59
Notes. Stone composition was detected by XRD and FT-IR spectra. MAP: magnesium ammonium phosphate; MgHPO4·3H2O: magnesium hydrogen phosphate trihydrate; CaP: calcium phosphate. UA: uric acid; COM: calcium oxalate monohydrate; COD: calcium oxalate dihydrate. Crystallite composition was detected by HRTEM, SAED, EDS, and XRD and was arranged in decreasing order.
