Fullerenol Cells/animals Main biological effects Ref. Fullerenol-1 Rat pheochromocytoma cell (PC12) lines Neuroprotective antioxidant, inhibiting neuronal apoptosis [21 ] Human lens epithelial cells Human lens epithelial cells, increasing ROS, apoptosis (phototoxicity) [22 ] L929 fibrosarcoma, C6 glioma, and U251 glioma ROS-independent apoptosis [23 ] 9 Porcine renal proximal tubule cells Mitochondrial dysfunction, cytoskeleton disruption, ↓ ATP, and autophagy [24 ] C60 Human umbilical vein endothelial cells Autophagy, ↓ cell growth [25 ] C60 Human umbilical vein endothelial cells G1 cell cycle block, ↑ Ca2+ , ↑ ICAM-1, tissue factor, and PS [26 ] C60 Human HaCaT keratinocytes Increasing [27 ] C60 RAW 264.7 macrophages Foam cell-like formation, ↑ LDL receptor expression, and ↑ MMP-9 secretion [28 ] C60 Liver microsomes UV significant lipids and proteins oxidative damage, generating ROS on photoexcitation [29 ] C60 Human epidermal keratinocytes Cell death, ↑ IL-8 [30 ] C60 Human lens epithelial Sunlight to early cataractogenesis [22 ] C60 Human retinal pigment epithelial cells Light-produced superoxide, retinal phototoxic damage [31 ] C60 Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1) Strong antioxidant, influencing the cellular redox state [32 ] C60 Human lung carcinoma Nrf2 upregulated expression of phase II antioxidant enzymes, p38 MAPK in Nrf2/HO-1 activation, attenuating oxidative stress-induced apoptosis [33 ] C60 Breast cancer –metastasis (EMT-6) Antitumor and antimetastatic activities, modulation of oxidative stress in tumor tissues [34 ] C60 Human leukemic cells (K562) Overexpression Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, GSTA4, MnSOD, NOS, CAT, and HO-1 genes [35 ] C60 2 O, 60 2 O Human skin keratinocytes HaCaT Radical-scavenging effects and cytoprotective effects, hydroxyl-radical scavenging activities, UVA or UVB irradiation-induced injuries, and intracellular reactive oxygen species-scavenging [36 ] C60 Human neuroblastoma cells Protecting cells from MPP+ induced decreases, expression of nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2, expression and activity of [37 ] Nematodes, Caenorhabditis elegans Antioxidative stress, upregulating of several antistress genes, DAF-16, and aakg-4 [38 ] 4 )Brain zebrafish, Danio rerio ↑ AChE expression, antioxidant behavior, and GCLC and GCLR expression [39 ] C60 Fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas ) Suppressed neutrophil function, inhibitors of cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenases [40 ] C60 Intratracheal instillation (rat) Bronchitis/alveolitis, ↑ neutrophil counts, and cellular damage markers in the BAL fluid [41 ] C60 Intratracheal instillation (mouse) Neutrophil inflammatory response, ↑ MCP-1 in the BAL fluid at 10 mg/kg [42 ] 5 Intraperitoneal injection (mouse) [43 ] Fullerenol-1 Rat adrenal gland, pheochromocytoma Neuroprotective antioxidant, inhibiting neuronal apoptosis
[21 ]
C60 Sprague-Dawley rats Hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity, antioxidant ability [44 ] C60 Sprague-Dawley rats, liver Antioxidant protecting hepatocytes against doxorubicin toxicity and irritability of the peritoneum and abdominal tissue [45 ] C60 Sprague-Dawley outbred rats Doxorubicin inhibition of lung oxidative stress [46 ] C60 Sprague-Dawley outbred rats Preventing oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and the disbalance of GSH/GSSG, potential nephroprotector [47 ] C60 Wistar male rat with colorectal cancer Antioxidant protecting against doxorubicin-induced chronic cardio- and hepatotoxicity [48 ] C60 Wistar rats Antioxidant protecting doxorubicin-induced oxidative stress in the hemoglobin and the erythrocytes [49 ] C60 (OH)2 Male Wistar rats Antioxidant protecting doxorubicin-induced nephro-, testicular, and pulmonary toxicity [50 ] C60 Wistar rat uteri (virgo intacta) Reducing the level of GR increased in the presence of DMSO and modulates the activity of GR; cryopreservation to maintain the GSH level in medium [51 ] C60 Wistar rats, testis Direct scavenging activity of nitric oxide radical (NO), superoxide anion ( [11 ]
