Synthesis and Mechanical/Electrochemical Characterization of TiO₂ Nanotubular Structures Obtained at High Voltage

Table 3

Mean values of the hardness and the elastic modulus of the three studied samples.

Loading/unloading
Mechanical properties	2.5 mN	5.0 mN	10.0 mN	2.5 mN	5.0 mN	10.0 mN	2.5 mN	5.0 mN	10.0 mN
	Amorphous			Crystallized at 450°C			Crystallized at 600°C
Hardness (MPa)	305.78	328.98	562.04	152.84	310.48	268.78	587.03	186.63	164.40
Vickers hardness (in Vickers)	28.32	30.47	52.05	14.16	28.75	24.89	54.37	17.28	15.23
Elastic module (Young’s) (Gpa)	11.52	13.60	13.52	22.83	29.57	11.73	22.42	16.10	12.93
Max. penetration depth (nm)	595.80	831.66	957.16	794.65	891.53	1377.13	482.43	1139.17	1638.98