Apoptosis Induction in Human Leukemia Cell Lines by Gold Nanoparticles Synthesized Using the Green Biosynthetic Approach

Table 1

Flow cytometric analysis of K562 cells after being treated with S-GNPs. The cells were stained with FITC-conjugated annexin V and PI and incubated at 37°C for 6, 12, and 24 h, respectively.

Cell condition	Control	Treated/6 h	Treated/12 h	Treated/24 h
Viable cells	96.5 ± 0.55	89.19 ± 0.65	80.21 ± 0.11	71.5 ± 0.23
Early apoptosis	1.81 ± 0.15	6.55 ± 0.75	9.00 ± 0.33	12.25 ± 0.25
Late apoptosis/necrosis	1.69 ± 0.35	4.26 ± 0.05	10.79 ± 0.40	16.25 ± 0.19

Values are expressed as mean ± SD of three different experiments. The data has been analyzed using post hoc comparison test-one way ANOVA, means compared by Tukey’s- test. (): significant () increased early apoptotic cells in S-GNPs treated groups compared to untreated controls. (): significant () increased late apoptotic/necrotic cells in S-GNPs treated groups compared to untreated controls.