Facile Synthesis of ZnO@TiO₂ Core-Shell Nanorod Thin Films for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Scheme 1

Schematic illustration showing the evolution of the ZnO@TiO₂ thin film: (a) a clean FTO substrate, (b) ZnO seed layer coated substrate obtained from dip-coating and annealing treatment, (c) ZnO nanorod thin film obtained from thermal evaporation, and (d) ZnO@TiO₂ thin film obtained from dip-coating and annealing treatment.