Review Article
Fluorescent Gold Nanoclusters: Synthesis and Recent Biological Application
Table 1
Summary of fluorescence QYs of AuNCs obtained by different synthetic approaches.
| | Synthesis | Fluorescence QYs | References |
| | Protected by monolayers of glutathione | (3.5 ± 1.0) × 10−3 | [32] | | Alkanethiol ligands 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (11-MUA) as stabilizer | 3.1 × 10−2 | [33] | | Poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers as stabilizer and capping agent | 41 ± 5% | [34] | | Pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-mercaptopropionate)-terminated Polymethacrylic acid (PTMP-pMAA) as capping agent | 3% | [35] | | Employed poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) as stabilizer of the gold clusters | 12.5% | [36] | | Bovine serum albumin molecules as templates and reductants | ~6% | [37] | | Bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A (RNase-A) as the biotemplate | ~12% | [38] | | DNA as template to prepare gold/silver nanoclusters from Au3+, Ag+, and DNA (5′-CCCTTAATCCCC-3′) | 4.5% | [39] | | Employing L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) as a reducing/capping reagent | 1.7%. | [40] | | D-penicillamine as capping agent | 1.3 ± 0.3% | [41] | | Mercapto-9-propyladenine as capping agent | 1.2% | [42] | | N,N-dimethylformamide as a weak reducing agent as well as stabilizing ligand | 14.28% | [43] | | Dissociation process of glutathione-gold(I) polymers in aqueous solution | 4.0 ± 0.4% | [44] | | GSH as reductant to form Au(I)-thiolate complexes, and the aggregation of Au(I)-thiolate complexes on the Au(0) to form Au(0)@Au(I)-thiolate NCs | ~15% | [45] | | 11-Mercaptoundecanoic acid (11-MUA) as the protecting group to reduce Au3+ with NaBH4 in methanol solutions | ~6.92% | [46] | | Polyethylene glycol (PEG) appended with lipoic acid (LA) anchoring groups as modular ligands | 14% | [47] |
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