Research Article

Exposure Assessment Based Recommendations to Improve Nanosafety at Nanoliposome Production Sites

Table 2

Responses to the factors considered (field study) [2].

Description Points to be addressedObservations on the production site

Hazard(a) Number of sources emitting pollution Three sources: extruder, storage, and garbage
(b) Size of the production and waste generation in relation to the production capacityA daily intensive production (5 batches per day) produces 75 mL. If we consider 260 days/year of production, the maximum total production is 19,500 mL/year. The phospholipid concentration in dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) is 6.43 mM (4.78 mg/mL) in the final product
The waste consists of residues from water based solution which is used to clean the extruder and tools
(c) Size of each of the sourcesDuring extrusion and storage phases, 15 mL of nanoliposome suspension is dealt with
(d) Type and location of each source (a) Nanoliposomes production on the three benches A, B, and C,
(b) fridge, (c) garbage (Figure 1)

Probability of exposure(a) Dispersion of pollutants by air movement There was neither any measured dispersion nor any ATEX risk identified
(b) Proximity to sources/confinement barrierHandling without hood
(c) Time passed in a location10 min for handling the nanoliposome liquid suspensions, 60 min for their extrusion, and 30 min for their purification

Preventive measures(a) Type and efficacy of evacuation and ventilation systemsPresence of hood for chemical and biological products; no measured dispersion
(b) Personal working habitsIn accordance with the chemical/biological risk
No direct account taken yet of nanorisk