Enhanced Efficiency of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells by Trace Amount Ca-Doping in TiO₂ Photoelectrodes

Table 1

Performance of DSSCs based on undoped and Ca-doped TiO₂ photoanodes.

DSSCs	Doping/ppm	/mV	/mAcm^2	FF	/%	/
Undoped	0	695	13.68	0.71	6.78	7.34	0.75
Ca-1	20	686	14.78	0.69	7.00	7.32	0.73
Ca-2	50	691	15.42	0.70	7.45	5.24	0.80
Ca-3	70	684	14.82	0.70	7.00	8.09	0.72
Ca-4	100	686	14.32	0.69	6.84	7.30	0.73