Comparative Aquatic Toxicity of Gold Nanoparticles and Ionic Gold Using a Species Sensitivity Distribution Approach

Table 4

Median lethal concentrations for 50% (LC50) effect and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals for test organisms exposed to nAu and chloroauric acid.

Species	Duration/endpoint	LC50 (mg/L) (95% CI)		NOEC	LOEC
		Mean	Upper & lower confidence limits (mg/L)
nAu
D. pulex	48 h	75.31		1	10
D. magna	48 h	Could not be calculated		0	5
D. rerio	96 h	Could not be calculated		<15	>15
O. mossambicus	96 h	No mortalities
P. reticulata	96 h	52.57		<35	35
P. philander	96 h	Could not be calculated		5	10
T. sparrmanii	96 h	12.08		5	25
L. aeneus	96 h	Could not be calculated		1	5
Chloroauric acid
D. pulex	48 h	0.01	0	<0.0005	0.0005
			0.02
D. magna	48 h	0.15	0.29	<0.005	0.01
			0.08
D. rerio	96 h	4.85	3.62	<1	5
			6.49
O. mossambicus	96 h	11.30	15.89	<1	5
			8.03
P. reticulata	96 h	20.58	24.15	<10	10
			17.54
P. philander	96 h	7.53	8.18	<10	10
			6.94
T. sparrmanii	96 h	10.78	8.92	1.5	2
			13.03
L. aeneus	96 h	0.93	1.08	<1	1
			0.80

No confidence levels could be calculated.