Journal of Nanomaterials

Review Article

Performance Enhancement of Carbon Nanomaterials for Supercapacitors

Table 4

Carbon nanofibers as electrode for supercapacitors.


Ref	Material type	Growth process	Electrolyte	Specific surface area	Specific capacitance	Energy and power density

[41]	CNFs. PAN in DMF Activated in steam	Electrospun	KOH (0.9 V)	1230 m²/g Micropores 64%	175 F/g

[42]	ACFF		1 M H₂SO₄ (0.75 V)	134 m²/g	146 F/g 10.9 µF/cm²
	CNFs on ACFF	CVD	1 M H₂SO₄ 0.8 V	784 m²/g	117 F/g 14.9 µF/cm²
	CNFs on ACFF	CVD	0.8 M TEABF₄ 2 V	784 m²/g	34 F/g 4.3 µF/cm²

[43]	CNFs mesoporous and sidewalls openings	Template method	1 M KOH (1.1 V)	1424 m²/g. Micropore vol. 327 cm³/g	152 F/
[43]	CNFs mesoporous and sidewalls openings		1 M LiClO₄ in EC/DEC (1 : 1)		70 F/g

[44]	CNFs on 3D nickel	TCVD	2 M Li₂SO₄ salt.	SSA 500 g/m²	1.2 F/cm². 89.8% after 3000 cycles	2.4 ohm

[45]	CNFs PAI + DMF	Electrospun	1 M H₂SO₄, (1 V)	240 m²/g	30 F g⁻¹
	Activated- CNF		6 M KOH	1250 m²/g Pore size 4–6 nm.	150 F/g
	Activated- CNF		6 M KOH	1250 m²/g Pore size 4–6 nm.	196 F/g

[46]	CNFs PAN + (PMHS) in DMF	Electrospun	6 M KOH (1 V)	302 m²/g	127 F/g,	10–17 Wh/kg 0.4–20 kW/kg

[47]	PAN based CNFs	Electrospun.	6 M KOH (1 V).	502 m²/g, pore vol. 0.1654 cm³/g, pore size. 17 nm	60 F g⁻¹	6–2 wh/kg 0.1–40 kW/kg.
[47]	PAN/pitch base CNFs	Electrospun.		966.3 m²/g, pore vol.: 0.379 cm³/g, pore size: 1.573 nm	130.7 F g⁻¹	15.0 Wh/kg 100 kW/kg.

[48]	CNFs On CF/Fe	WA-TCVD	0.5 M Na₂SO₄ (0.7 V)		142 F/g

[49]	CNFs (PS-b-PEO) + resol opening on walls.	Template		643 m²/g. Pore vol. 0.157 m³/g Pore size 2.32 nm	172 F/g

[50]	PAN based CNFs	Electrospun	0.5 M K₂SO₄ (1 V)	339 m²/g Mesopores 0.128 cm³/g	20 F/g,.
[50]	CNFs PAN + nafion	Electrospun	0.5 M K₂SO₄ (1 V)	1499 m²/g Mesopores 1.336 cm³/g Pore size. 4.69 nm	210 F/g	4 Wh/kg at 20 kW/kg.

Doping

[51]	CNFs@Ppy Annealed at 900°C	Template.		562 m²/s. Pore volume. 0.51 cm³/g. Pore size. 3.65 nm	202 F/g.	7.11 Wh/kg 7-8 kW/kg Max. 98 kW/kg 0.14 Ω ESR

[52]	CNFs Bacterial cellulose N, P-codoped		2 M H₂SO₄ (1 V)	289 m²/g Pore vol.: 0.101 cm³/g Pore size: 2.21 nm	205 F/g Stable up 4000 cycles.	7.76 Wh/kg. 186 kW/kg. ESR < 1 Ω.
[52]	B, P doped		2 M H₂SO₄ (1 V)	512 m²/g Pore vol.: 0.1735 cm³/g Pore size: 3.64 nm	200 F/g

[53]	CNFs PAN + DEF	Electrospun	2 M KOH (1 V).	247 m²/g Pore volume 0.167 cm³/g Micropores 0.085 cm³/g Mesopores 0.082 cm³/g	167 F/g 129° wetting angle
[53]	Oxygen plasma treatment	Electrospun	2 M KOH (1 V).	274 m²/g Pore volume 0.181 cm³/g Micropore 0.099 cm³/g Mesopores 0.082 cm³/g	377 F/g Complete wetting

[12]	CNFs, PANI on PAN N₂ doped	Electrospun	1 M H₂SO₄	410 m²/g	335 F/g 86% after 10000 cycles	9.2 Wh/kg 5.8 kW/kg. 4 Ω ESR.
[12]		Electrospun	Gel electrolyte	410 m²/g	260 F/g 0.35 F/cm² 4 F/cm³