Characterization of Inter- and Intramolecular Interactions of Amyloid Fibrils by AFM-Based Single-Molecule Force Spectroscopy

Figure 3

Model proposed based on various models in the investigation of numerous amyloid aggregations. There are five processes before the formation of mature fibrils: nucleation [56] (steps 1 and 2 in red lines), elongation [17] (steps 4, 5, 7, 8, and 9 in green lines), lateral association (steps 10, 11, 12, and 16 in yellow lines), hierarchical aggregation [15, 38, 53] (steps 13, 14, 17, 18, 20, 21, and 23 in purple lines), and off-pathway [63] (step 3 in blue line).