Review Article
Nanomechanical Characterization of Amyloid Fibrils Using Single-Molecule Experiments and Computational Simulations
Table 1
Nanomechanical properties of amyloid fibrils measured from simulations and experiments.
| Material | Measurement method | Length (nm) | Bending rigidity (×10−26 N⋅m2) | Young’s modulus (GPa) | Shear modulus (GPa) | Strength (GPa) | Ref. |
| fibril | Steered molecular dynamics (simulation) | 3.41–17.5 | 7.73–37.7 | | 5.97–6.71 | 4–8 | [23] | fibril | Elastic network model (simulation) | 10–300 | ~8 | 12–14 | 1.1 | | [22] | fibril | Molecular dynamics (simulation) | 10 | 0.01–0.04 | 0.4–0.6 | | | [24] | fibril | Cryoelectron microscopy (experiment) | 500–1000 | ~13 | | 0.0127 | | [17] | fibril | Elastic network model (simulation) | ~30 | 21–63 | | 4.3–5.6 | | [27] | β-lactoglobulin fibril | AFM imaging experiment | 500–15,000 | 0.4–1.6 | ~4 | | | [16] | β-lactoglobulin fibril | AFM indentation experiment (peak force QNM) | 500–15,000 | | 3.3 | | | [19] | Mouse prion fibril | AFM experiments (AM-FM imaging) | >1000 | | 0.5–1.36 | | | [28] | α-synuclein fibril | AFM indentation (peak force QNM) | >1000 | | | | | [20] | Insulin fibril | AFM bending experiment | >~1500 | ~9.1 | | ~0.28 | | [26] | Insulin fibril | AFM imaging experiment | >~2000 | ~17 | | ~0.13 | | [26] | HET-s prion fibril | Steered molecular dynamics (simulation) | 5.38 | | 9.8 | | 0.917 | [29] | HET-s prion fibril | Elastic network model (simulation) | 8.93 | 0.115 | 1.5 | | | [30] | Spider silk crystal | Steered molecular dynamics (simulation) | 2–7 | ~2.8 | | 4.6 | | [12] | Spider silk crystal | Steered molecular dynamics (simulation) | | | 30–70 | | | [31] |
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