Particle Size-Dependent Antibacterial Activity and Murine Cell Cytotoxicity Induced by Graphene Oxide Nanomaterials

Figure 4

Cytotoxic effects of GQDs, SGOs, and LGOs. Morphology of Raw 264.7 cells ((a) upper). Raw 264.3 cells were treated with 10 μg/mL solutions of GQDs, SGOs, and LGOs for 24 h. Yellow arrows: polygonal Raw 264.3 cells. Red arrows: Raw 264.3 cells with large vacuoles. The cytotoxicity assay of Raw 264.7 cells consisted of a live (cells illuminated by green light, (a) lower)/dead (cells illuminated by red light, (a) lower) assay after 10 μg/mL GQD, SGO, and LGO treatment for 24 h. The viability assay by CCK-8 of Raw 264.7 cells after 0–50 μg/mL GQD, SGO, and LGO treatment (without FBS) for 24 h (b). The treated groups were compared with an untreated control (considered to be 100% viable). The data are presented as mean ± SD values derived from three independent experiments.

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