Label-Free Detection of Chondroitin Sulphate Proteoglycan 4 by a Polyaniline/Graphene Nanocomposite Functionalized Impedimetric Immunosensor

Figure 1

Experiment design of the polyaniline@graphene oxide (PANI@GO nanocomposite functionalized electrode for CSPG4 detection). The ITO electrode was fabricated by UV lithography and NaOH etching. The PANI@GO nanocomposite was electrochemically deposited on the ITO electrode. The aldehyde group of the glutaraldehyde reacted with the amine group on the aniline and the protein to covalently immobilize antibodies on the electrode surface. Antibody-coated electrodes were exposed to cell samples for CSGP4 detection.